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Sony autonomous vehicle sensorsSony autonomous vehicle sensors

This document is intended to describe technologies available, application needs, and operational requirements relating to the use of fiber optic sensing systems on aerospace platforms: a To define standard terminology used in describing fiber optic sensing systems and their performance. b To identify current interfaces used for fiber optic sensing systems. c To define environmental, reliability, and maintainability capabilities of fiber optic sensing system components. d To describe the fiber optic sensor and instrumentation technologies that forms the current state of the art. e To describe current and future unmet needs of the aerospace industry for measurements using fiber optic sensors. ...This document is intended to describe technologies available, application needs, and operational requirements relating to the use of fiber optic sensing systems on aerospace platforms: a To define standard terminology used in describing fiber optic sensing systems and their performance. b To identify current interfaces used for fiber optic sensing systems. c To define environmental, reliability, and maintainability capabilities of fiber optic sensing system components. d To describe the fiber optic sensor and instrumentation technologies that forms the current state of the art. e To describe current and future unmet needs of the aerospace industry for measurements using fiber optic sensors.

This episode highlights multiple areas of interest, including: • Background and definitions of vehicle safety sensors • A look at the evolution of airbag safety sensors • Manufacturing of TPMS sensors • Demonstration of TPMS sensor testing • Future trends ...Crash sensors can anticipate a collision faster than humans would, and tire pressure sensors can alert the driver or pilot in case action is needed. In the episode "Sensors: Advanced Safety" (20:36) Continental engineers look at the evolution of passive safety systems, discuss the changes in sensors over the last ten years and what is coming next. ...Viewers are virtually taken to labs and research centers to learn how design engineers are enhancing product performance/reliability, reducing costs, improving quality, safety or environmental impact, and achieving regulatory compliance. Sensors are essential to the safety, efficiency, and dependability of modern vehicles. Crash sensors can anticipate a collision faster than humans would, and tire pressure sensors can alert the driver or pilot in case action is needed.

Fiber optic chemical sensors are being developed for on-line monitoring of gases and liquids. The sensors utilize novel porous polymer or glass optical fibers in which selective chemical reagents have been immobilized. ...These reagents react with the analyte of interest resulting in a change in the optical properties of the sensor. These sensors (or optrodes) are particularly suited to insitu monitoring of atmospheric trace contaminants and nutrient solution parameters as required in life support systems or flight experiments. ...These sensors (or optrodes) are particularly suited to insitu monitoring of atmospheric trace contaminants and nutrient solution parameters as required in life support systems or flight experiments. Sensors have been demonstrated for detection of ammonia, ethylene, carbon monoxide, pH and humidity.

These properties can be exploited to produce sensitive, specific, real-time sensors for analytes that cannot be readily monitored by other methods. Several technologies for environmental monitoring using proteins are currently being developed. ...We discuss specific challenges to practical application of a family of protein-based sensors derived from bacterial periplasmic binding proteins. We also present recent work to address these challenges.

To obtain this data, engineers rely on high-end specialty sensors that can fit into cramped spaces and operate reliably under extreme heat and pressure. In the episode "Sensors: Miniaturization and Testing" (21:02), AVL engineers explain how a new crystalline material was developed to accurately measure the high pressures in the combustion chamber of turbocharged engines, and Meggitt Sensing Systems profiles the world’s smallest triaxial IEPE accelerometer. ...In the episode "Sensors: Miniaturization and Testing" (21:02), AVL engineers explain how a new crystalline material was developed to accurately measure the high pressures in the combustion chamber of turbocharged engines, and Meggitt Sensing Systems profiles the world’s smallest triaxial IEPE accelerometer. ...This episode highlights multiple areas of interest, including: • Background and definitions of the miniaturization of sensors • Profile of the world’s smallest triaxial IEPE accelerometer • A look at engine pressure sensors based on gallium orthophosphate • A look at a single cylinder research engine used to evaluate sonar pressure transducers • Future trends

The use of chemical sensors offers considerable advantages over conventional analysis onboard spacecraft. A chemical sensor consists of a selector which selectively interacts with the analyte present in a mixture of substances, and a transducer which produces an electric signal in response to the interaction of analyte and selector. ...A chemical sensor consists of a selector which selectively interacts with the analyte present in a mixture of substances, and a transducer which produces an electric signal in response to the interaction of analyte and selector. ...In principle, chemical sensors can provide (near) real time monitoring of many important analytes. In some cases they can even provide continuous monitoring of such analytes.

This paper aims to focus the attention of space engineers on the detailed definition and choice of temperature sensors for spacecraft applications. Although the use of previous experiences and lessons-learned should be taken into consideration, the “already flown before” philosophy (If it has flown before in design-X then it has to work in our design-Y!!) ...The scope of this paper is limited to the analysis of requirements and trade-offs; the full definition of a sensor and its electronics support is not treated in this paper.

Sharing common sensor subsystems would provide increased functional availability and ultimately functional redundancy. Sensor subsystem and architecture for an integrated IR sensor in the 1995 time frame is based on two major IR technological developments which are expected to mature by then - staring IR detector arrays and large throughput processors executing sophisticated algorithms for rejecting sky and terrain clutter. ...On-board, tactical airborne sensor systems perform functions such as target acquisition, track, designation, identification, recognition, threat warning, threat count, missile launch detection and ground mapping in support of situation awareness, self-defense, navigation, target attack, weapon support and reconnaissance. ...Next generation tactical aircraft in development want those functions performed by sensor suits which exploit modular avionics concepts; exhibit low signature and enhanced stealthiness; have increased availability through increased functional redundancy; and are easy and less costly to maintain.

This paper presents the results of the work developed by the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) project team concerning astronauts medical monitoring. This work was done during the definition phases of the European EVA Space Suit project from 1989 to 1992. The structure of the paper, follows the logic of the study already due, fisrt, the physiological parameters to be monitored are selected, then we describe the desing of the medical monitoring system and finally we present the test performed and test results.

Canatu autonomous-vehicle sensor heater

A concept is presented for remote, autonomous sensors, which includes an on-board power supply, signal transmission, a sensing element, and a controller. ...A concept is presented for remote, autonomous sensors, which includes an on-board power supply, signal transmission, a sensing element, and a controller. Sensors can be deployed without direct connection for either signal transmission or energy supply. ...The power supply can be used to power many types of remote sensors, and includes microscopic batteries, an energy converter, and a simple charger. The batteries combine high power density (W/cm2) and sufficient capacity to power sensors for extended periods of time without recharge.

Honeywell has developed a new class of electrochemical gas sensors based on nonaqueous electrolytes. Sensors with three electrode configuration and gold sensing electrodes have been fabricated and used for monitoring both carbon dioxide and oxygen with the capability to monitor water vapor using linear scanning voltammetry. ...Experimental results obtained with these low-power and microprocessor-based sensors will be presented. The unique advantages of nonaqueous electrolyte-based sensors over the conventional aqueous-based sensors and semiconductor sensors will be discussed in terms of multigas sensing capability, selectivity, sensitivity, stability and operating life. ...The unique advantages of nonaqueous electrolyte-based sensors over the conventional aqueous-based sensors and semiconductor sensors will be discussed in terms of multigas sensing capability, selectivity, sensitivity, stability and operating life.

High Dynamic Range Imaging: Sensors and Architectures provides readers with an intermediate discussion of HDR image sensors and techniques for industrial and non-industrial applications. ...It describes various sensor and pixel architectures capable of achieving HDR imaging, as well as software approaches to make high dynamic range images out of lower dynamic range sensors or image sets. ...It describes various sensor and pixel architectures capable of achieving HDR imaging, as well as software approaches to make high dynamic range images out of lower dynamic range sensors or image sets. Some methods for automatic control of exposure and dynamic range of image sensors are also introduced.

One way to reliably monitor fluids is through the use of special measurement sensors. In the episode "Fluid Measurements and Avionics" (9:13), an engineer at Meggitt demonstrates the capabilities of time-domain reflectometry sensors, explaining how they are assembled and used. ...In the episode "Fluid Measurements and Avionics" (9:13), an engineer at Meggitt demonstrates the capabilities of time-domain reflectometry sensors, explaining how they are assembled and used. The business case for monitoring oil and fuel degradation, and how to proactively take advantage of preventative maintenance is also explained. ...This episode highlights multiple areas of interest, including: • Exclusive interview with an engineer who designs fluid measurement sensors for the aerospace industry • A hands-on demonstration of time-domain reflectometry sensor assembly • An in-depth look at how fluids measurement and monitoring helps save money and extend the life of engines • Future trends

The current and projected state of the art in sensors and measurement technologies can provide an impressive arsenal of tools for astrobiology research. ...Thousands of sensors ranging from fingernail size to matchbook size exist along with a wide array of miniaturized chemical laboratories that can fit on a compact disk, and a host of other analytical and imaging instruments that can fit within soda can volumes.

A further consequence is the possibility of sensors redundancy. With these features, a PST humidity sensor, a VOC Pattern detector based on an array of thin film sensors, a PST colour sensor for monitoring the optical absorption of plant leaves and a PST selective sensor to CO2 have been designed, manufactured and tested in a dedicates plant growth chamber. ...With these features, a PST humidity sensor, a VOC Pattern detector based on an array of thin film sensors, a PST colour sensor for monitoring the optical absorption of plant leaves and a PST selective sensor to CO2 have been designed, manufactured and tested in a dedicates plant growth chamber. ...Aim of the Closed Habitat Environmental Control Sensors (CHECS) project has been the setting up of a complete, lightweight sensing system for monitoring the ambient conditions of plant growth in space missions.

Specifically, it considers the analytical temperature profile at various portions of the vehicle, the history and stability testing of the thermocouples as well as their coatings, the manufacturing procedure for the sensors, and the problem areas encountered during their processing. The materials selected for the flight test are: molybdenum, columbium and platinum-20% rhodium sheaths, magnesium and beryllium oxide insulation, and tungsten-5% rhenium versus tungsten-26% rhenium and platinum versus platinum-10% rhodium thermoelements.

Recent advances in semiconductor lasers and nonlinear optical materials permit construction of compact sensors that can measure trace air contaminants with high precision in real time, without sampling. ...A portable prototype sensor was built and tested in laboratory and field environments. This spectroscopic instrument measures carbon monoxide (CO) at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 ppm in air with 0.001 ppm precision, and 10-second response time. ...It uses 4.6-μm difference-frequency generation in periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN), pumped by two compact solid-state lasers. The sensor was used to measure the CO concentration profiles in chamber air during the Lunar-Mars Life Support Test Project (LMLSTP) Phase IIA test at NASA JSC.

These changes take place when the analytes diffuse into the pores of the fibers, and interact with the sensor dyes. By analyzing the data from both “native” and dye-doped fibers, sensor systems can be designed that will achieve high-sensitivity, low-drift measurements of chemical concentration. ...To accomplish this control, sensors must be developed that are capable of monitoring and feeding back information on the concentrations of a number of chemical and biochemical substances. ...We will present preliminary experimental results on systems designed to demonstrate sensor operation in regenerative food production and crew air supply applications.