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References, Spacecraft and Spacecraft Servicing, Fluid System Components (Abbreviations, Acronyms, Definitions, Applicable Documents and Environmental Conditions)
Aerospace & Defense Technology: April 2021
Generalizing Aspects of System Safety to Broaden Applicability
Aerospace & Defense Technology: February 2021
Aerospace & Defense Technology: December 2020
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 15
Designing with Elastomers for use at Low Temperatures, Near or Below Glass Transition
To ensure success in design of elastomeric parts for use at low temperature, the design engineer must understand the peculiar properties of rubber materials at these temperatures.
There are no static applications of rubber. The Gaussian theory of rubber elasticity demonstrates that the elastic characteristic of rubber is due to approximately 15% internal energy and the balance, 85%, is entropy change. In other words, when an elastomer is deformed, the elastomer chain network is forced to rearrange its configuration thereby storing energy through entropy change. Thermodynamically, this means that rubber elasticity is time and temperature dependent (Reference 25).
The purpose of this report is to provide guidance on low temperature properties of rubber with the terminology, test methods, and mathematical models applicable to rubber, and to present some practical experience.