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The purpose of this standard is to provide a source of definitions of terms and acronyms commonly used in the air transport maintenance community for test and evaluation with an emphasis on terms applicable to BITE.

This collection features 12 technical papers that deal with aircraft design, design methods, aircraft design software; applied aerodynamics and stability and control to aircraft design; propulsion and performance; development of personal transportation vehicles and components, focusing on CTOL and VTOL hybrid flight vehicles, roadable airplanes and flying cars; and Computational Fluid Dynamics related topics. ...This collection features 12 technical papers that deal with aircraft design, design methods, aircraft design software; applied aerodynamics and stability and control to aircraft design; propulsion and performance; development of personal transportation vehicles and components, focusing on CTOL and VTOL hybrid flight vehicles, roadable airplanes and flying cars; and Computational Fluid Dynamics related topics.

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on in-flight thrust determination of engines that are impacted by intentional or unintentional thrust vectoring. However, as indicated in the Foreword, the field of aircraft thrust vectoring is varied and complex. For simplicity and coherence of purpose, this document will be limited in scope to multi-axis thrust vectoring nozzles or vanes attached to the rear of the engine or airfame; single-axis thrust vectoring and unintentional thrust vectoring (fixed shelf or deck configuration) are special cases of this discussion. Specifically excluded from this scope are thrust vectoring created primarily by airframe components such as wing flaps, etc.; lift engines, propulsive fans and thrust augmenting ejectors; and powerplants that rotate or otherwise move with respect to the airframe.

In particular, a hazard and risk analysis tool exploiting Bayesian belief networks was developed and demonstrated in support of the interim flight clearance process for the the JACKAL VTOL UAS platform being developed for use in Naval Research Laboratory research flight testing.

This document covers recommendations for the application of existing qualified and approved in-service fixed wing aircraft tires, wheels and brakes to military and commercial rotorcraft. NOTE: This document does not address the use of radial tires due to insufficient data to support their approved use on rotorcraft, see paragraph 4.3.14 for specific impact on ground resonance.

A landing gear system comprises the most compelling assembly of engineering skills. Its importance to the successful design of an aircraft can be favorably compared with that of the aircraft's wings and engines. A landing gear system consists of several different engineering disciplines, and is continually in the public eye especially with regard to safety. The primary objective of AIR4846 is to present a record of a variety of interesting gears, gear/aircraft systems and patents, and to discuss wherever possible the lessons learned, and the reasons for the design. Thus, the document is not only a historical account, but a means of recording technical knowledge for the practical benefit of future landing gear designers. Commendable efforts have been made over the years by several individuals to make such recordings, and AIR4846 will make continual reference to them. This applies to all books, papers, or specifications that have the approval of the SAE A-5 Committee.

A landing gear system comprises the most compelling assembly of engineering skills. Its importance to the successful design of an aircraft can be favorably compared with that of the aircraft's wings and engines. A landing gear system consists of several different engineering disciplines, and is continually in the public eye especially with regard to safety. The primary objective of AIR4846 is to present a record of a variety of interesting gears, gear/aircraft systems and patents, and to discuss wherever possible the lessons learned, and the reasons for the design. Thus, the document is not only a historical account, but a means of recording technical knowledge for the practical benefit of future landing gear designers. Commendable efforts have been made over the years by several individuals to make such recordings, and AIR4846 will make continual reference to them. This applies to all books, papers, or specifications that have the approval of the SAE A-5 Committee.

Develop Technical Standards for VTOL-Capable powered aircraft platform (AAM/SVO/eVTOL, etc.) training devices when conventional FSTD standards are not applicable.

This standard provides general and specific design guidance for the development of a DME/P, which provides slant range distance from an aircraft to a selected DME ground facility. For landing purposes, the DME/P complements the angle MLS/ILS with precise range data.

The scope of this standard will define the training and qualification necessary for certification/licensing of pilots operating VTOL-Capable Aircraft (AAM, eVTOL, SVO, etc.).

This paper reviews the problems associated with developing a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft that has desirable helicopter-like attributes in hover and low speed operation but is capable of efficient high subsonic cruise speed. ...It is concluded that incorporation of variable geometry, in the form of a variable diameter rotor system, has the best chance of providing the “ideal” VTOL. The variable diameter tilt-rotor adds on the order of 100 knots to the speed potential of the tilt-rotor and provides numerous other benefits as well.

In this paper the development of a working platform which utilizes the ducted fan VTOL concept is tried. Two types of ducted fan VTOL research models are developed. One is driven by electric motors and the other by an engine. ...In this paper mainly the automatic flight control system for ducted fan VTOL is investigated and the control problems are studied which will arise when the VTOL is utilized as a working platform. ...Making use of advantages of ducted fan, i.e. compactness and approachability, ducted fan VTOL can be used for many purposes, such as construction and servicing of the tall structures, rescue, etc..

These objectives are not necessarily applicable to rotor or VTOL aircraft.

These objectives are not necessarily applicable to rotor or VTOL aircraft.

These objectives are not necessarily applicable to rotor or VTOL aircraft.

By strategically designing the vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) ventral surface, reflection of the impinging fountain momentum is possible so that instead of losing 10% thrust while in ground-effect, remarkably, thrust is augmented 10% or more to a considerable height above the ground, in addition to stabilizing random pitch and roll moments caused by fountain instability.

Abstract Electric ducted-fans with high power density are widely used in hybrid aircraft, electric aircraft, and VTOL vehicles. For the state-of-the-art electric ducted-fan, motor cooling restricts the power density increase.

This document provides information specific to Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft in the following areas: a.) Specific considerations around airspace and operations b.) ...Unique VTOL Lightning Zoning considerations d.) Aircraft Certification Considerations

A successful methodology was developed at Boeing Company to investigate hot-gas ingestion in vertical take-off and landing aircraft. It involves sub-scale model testing using specialized test facilities and test techniques. The baseline characteristics of hot-gas ingestion (HGI) and the performance of various HGI reduction techniques were qualitatively evaluated in the Boeing Hover Research Facility. Potential HGI reduction devices were then further tested at scaled pressures and temperatures in HGI facilities at NASA Lewis, Rolls Royce and British Aerospace. One of the successful HGI reduction devices was flight tested. This paper describes the application of Boeing HGI reduction methodology to three specific aircraft configurations.