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This research paper investigates the implications of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2 ICE) technology in the field of automotive thermal management, with a particular emphasis on truck radiator and charged air cooler systems. As the automobile industry works to shift to more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions, hydrogen-powered vehicles provide a viable alternative to their conventional fossil fuel-powered counterparts. The study investigates the unique thermal characteristics of H2 ICE technology, the modifications required in H2 ICE technology due to specific requirements of air in the combustion, and changes in auxiliary components of the engine, where heating or cooling is required. Based on these changes, assess their impact on radiator and charged air cooler systems, which are critical components in maintaining the thermal equilibrium of internal combustion engines.

HVAC is one of the main components on AC system on passenger car. Air flow distribution through the HVAC duct outlet as well as foot outlet is controlled mainly through HVAC kinematic mechanism. Kinematic mechanism mainly controls the air flow distribution and also temperature linearity at the outlet. Blower assembly as well as Kinematic mechanism is mainly two moving components inside HVAC system. Apart from the blower noise, another important noise generating area is kinematic noise. Due to poor cam profile and pin reaction force inside cam profile, there is high reaction force and hence produce noise. Due to different kinematic mode travel (face, foot and defrost), the pin has to be moved inside the cam profile, so pin movement & interference due to the stroke length travel leads a higher noise. The present paper describes the noise prediction based on simulation methodology of HVAC kinematic mechanism and damper (Doors) movement.

The world over has resulted in severe pollution problems. They are classified as air and noise pollution. Air pollution is caused by dispersion of emittents from engine exhaust to the atmosphere at different concentration levels. Similarly, the emission of unwanted sound from engine structure, intake and exhaust are the principal source of noise pollution. In diesel engines structurally, radiated noises have numerous origins. The complexity arises from the fact that the whole engine structure is simultaneously excited by several forces of widely different characteristics. Primary exciting force which is a gas force in the cylinder resulting from the combustion. Secondary exciting forces of considerably different characteristics are generated by the operation slider crank mechanism but related to some primary gas force in some non-linear manner resulting in piston impact, impacts in bearing, impacts in timing gears etc.

Electric Trucks offer one of the most promising alternatives to vehicles in the field of transport of goods. In battery electric trucks, heat is generated by components present in the electric truck such as battery of the electric vehicle, electric drive system, Endurance Brake System etc. which require cooling and Thermal management system to control and monitor the cooling system. The thermal management system considered here includes two coolant tanks. The first coolant tank performs thermal management for the battery and Electric-Drive(e-Drive) components which can heat up to 600C and the second coolant tank performs thermal management for HPR circuit, and it is used to break the charging circuit to protect the battery getting charged beyond 100% using regenerative braking concept. HPR (High performance resistor) is the component which can heat up to ~950C and make sure the battery is not getting charged beyond the safe limits.

This research study investigates the influence of undercover design on three critical aspects of vehicle performance: water entering into air intake filter, Aerodynamic performance, thermal performance on vehicle engine room components (Condenser, Radiator and Air Intake System). Undercover serves the purpose of protecting Engine, underhood components and also improves aerodynamics of the vehicle. Through CFD simulations, various undercover design configurations: Full Undercover, no undercover and half undercover cases are evaluated to assess their effectiveness in mitigating the water ingress into the air intake system. Additionally, we explore the implications of these design alterations on the thermal performance and aerodynamic drag.

Automotive cooling module system consists of condenser, radiator and intercooler which is used for thermal management of vehicle. Condenser helps to reject cabin heat, radiator to reject engine heat and intercooler rejects charged air heat to ambient. CRFM (Condenser, Radiator and Fan module) is conventionally packaged under the bonnet of passenger vehicle. Fan circulate airflow through heat exchangers and has primary role of airflow delivery. While performing vehicle level thermal management duty, fan noise is generated from CRFM and fan noise is considered as an important design attribute of CRFM. Many researchers have done fan noise simulation at component level and very limited literatures at vehicle (system) level simulation are available. Customer perceives noise from outside of the vehicle and it is important to predict fan noise at vehicle level at various operating speeds. Such simulations are transient in nature and modeling complexity demands high computational cost.

Thermal management is paramount in electric vehicles (EVs) to ensure optimal performance, battery longevity, and overall safety. This paper presents a novel approach to improving the efficiency of cooling systems in automotive passenger vehicles, focusing specifically on battery circuits and e-motor cooling. Current systems employ separate pumps, degassing tanks, valves, and numerous mechanical components, resulting in complex layouts and increased assembly efforts. The primary challenge with the existing setup lies in its complexity and the associated drawbacks, including heat energy loss, increased weight, and space constraints. Moreover, the traditional approach necessitates a significant number of components, leading to higher system costs and maintenance requirements. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an integrated cooling system where the pump, degassing tank, and valves are consolidated into a single housing.

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are one potential green energy option for fuel cells, which are becoming more popular in the energy production industry. Despite the fact that it continues to draw a lot of interest, many obstacles, such as enhancing performance, boosting durability and reducing cost are impeding the fuel cells commercialization. Air/hydrogen feed has an impact on the fuel cell performance; as a result, the cathode side of the fuel cell supply manifold pressure must be regulated. Substantial power is used when operating at maximum load, and fuel cells may experience oxygen starvation due to inadequate air. Maintaining a quick and adequate air concentration in the fuel cell cathode is essential to avoiding oxygen starvation and maximizing durability.

The present study develops and analyses a novel thermal management system that utilizes a serpentine cooling plate with fluid flow channels to regulate the temperature of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries in an electric vehicle battery module. The research investigates the impact of many variables affecting the cooling efficiency during discharge processes, including C-rate, number of cooling channels in the cooling plate, inlet fluid velocity and aluminium nanoparticle concentration in the fluid. The study includes 49 lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 4.9 Ah each using NMC chemistry and a form factor of 21700 connected in series and parallel. A coolant made of water-glycol combination in 70:30 ratio is considered to disperse the thermal energy generated in the batteries. With the increase in the number of cooling channels, the maximum temperature of the batteries is reduced significantly.

In recent times, indoor air quality has become an important concern as it affects people’s health and comfort. According to WHO report, air pollution causes 7 million deaths every year. PM2.5 has been identified as a key pollutant which impacts human health causing diseases like stroke, heart diseases, breathing issues, cancer and so on [1]. In today's time, we travel by personal vehicle every day, commuting for hours. It is an extension to our homes. Unfortunately, due to frequent door and windows opening, the cabin air gets exposed to outside pollution, and we end up breathing pollutants. To mitigate the problem, air purifiers are added in the automobile. As people are becoming more aware and conscious about good air quality, there is a growing demand for cabin interior air quality solutions for automobiles. A popular approach is to add an air purifier inside cars like ones being used in our homes to bring down the PM2.5 levels.

Climate across India varies from extreme Cold to extreme hot. As an objective to improve comfort to drivers during summer, it is mandate by Indian Government to introduce Air Conditioning in Trucks from June 2025. Air Conditioning system includes Evaporator, compressor, Condenser and expansion units. Condenser needs continuous air flow to reject the absorbed heat from driver cabin to surrounding air. This is possible by directing air through condenser by an external fan. For this condenser is remotely mounted with an electric driven fan or directly to the radiator-fan system. In this paper a case study is presented where Cooling system of a Non AC Intermediate Commercial Truck is modified for Air Conditioning application. Condenser is mounted on the radiator and the additional heat load is managed by a minor change in the system. Fan is operated based on coolant temperature and with additional controls for Air Conditioning. Simulations are done in a Thermal management software “KULI”.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate performance of engine-driven cooling fans. This performance would include flow, pressure, and power. This flow and pressure information is used to estimate the engine cooling performance. This power consumption is used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan performance. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which cooling and fuel consumption information is desired. The performance of a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate performance measurement is expected.

Even if huge efforts are made to push alternative mobility concepts, such as, electric cars (BEV) and fuel cell powered cars, the importance and use of liquid fuels is anticipated to stay high during the 2030s. The biomethane and synthetic natural gas (SNG) might play a major role in this context as they are raw material for chemical industry, easy to be stored via existing infrastructure, easy to distribute via existing infrastructure, and versatile energy carrier for power generation and mobile applications. Hence, biomethane and synthetic natural gas might play a major role as they are suitable for power generation as well as for mobile applications and can replace natural gas without any infrastructure changes. In this paper, we aim to understand the direct production of synthetic natural gas from CO2 and H2 in a Sabatier process based on a thermodynamic analysis as well as a multi-step kinetic approach.

Hydrogen engines are currently considered as a viable solution to preserve the internal combustion engine (ICE) as a power unit for vehicle propulsion. In particular, lean-burn gasoline Spark-Ignition (SI) engines have been a major subject of investigation, due to their reduced emission levels and high thermodynamic efficiency. Lean charge is suitable for passenger car applications, where the demand of mid/low power output does not require an excessive amount of air to be delivered by the turbocharging unit, but can difficulty be tailored in the field of high-performance engine, where the air mass delivered would require oversized turbocharging systems or more complex charging solutions. For this reason, the range of feeding conditions near the stochiometric is explored in the field of high-performance engines (20 BMEP), leading to the consequent issue of abatement of pollutant emissions.

The lack of a homogeneous air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engines is a major cause of pollutant emissions, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). This paper focuses on the design, simulation, and testing of a modified air intake pipe for a gas engine, incorporating deflectors to induce a swirl effect in the air-fuel mixture. To determine the optimal configuration for the deflectors and the diameter of the air intake pipe, several Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted. The best results were then tested on a real gas engine. The primary objective of this study is to offer a solution for increasing the homogeneity level of the air-fuel mixture in gas engines, without requiring significant changes to engine components. In this case, achieving this goal involves only relatively small modifications to the air intake pipe.

The global push to minimize carbon emissions and the imposition of more rigorous regulations on emissions are driving an increased exploration of cleaner powertrains for transportation. Hydrogen fuel applications in internal combustion engines are gaining prominence due to their zero carbon emissions and favorable combustion characteristics, particularly in terms of thermal efficiency. However, conventional Spark-Ignition (SI) engines are facing challenges in meeting performance expectations while complying with strict pollutant-emission regulations. These challenges arise from the engine's difficulty in handling advanced combustion strategies, such as lean mixtures, attributed to factors like low ignition energy and abnormal combustion events. To address these issues, the Barrier Discharge Igniter (BDI) stands out for its capability to generate non-equilibrium Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP), a strong promoter of ignition through kinetic, thermal, and transport effects.