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Define IEEE-1394 Beta PHY Enhancements that drive faster 1394 port connects and increased robustness. These enhancements include Detect loss of descrambler synchronization, Fast-ReTrain, Fast Power-on Re-connect, Fast Connection Tone Debounce and Programmable invalidCount.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes guidelines for the use of IEEE-1394-2008 Beta (formerly IEEE-1394b) as a data bus network in military and aerospace vehicles. It encompasses the data bus cable and its interface electronics for a system utilizing S200 over copper medium over extended lengths. This document contains extensions/restrictions to AS5643/1 to support S200 data rate. This document does not identify specific environmental requirements (electromagnetic compatibility, temperature, vibration, etc.); such requirements will be vehicle-specific and even LRU-specific. However, the hardware requirements and examples contained herein do address many of the environmental conditions that military and aerospace vehicles may experience. One should reference the appropriate sections of MIL-STD-461E for their particular LRU, and utilize handbooks such as MIL-HDBK-454A and MIL-HDBK-5400 for guidance.

This document describes network management and control facilities for the WDM LAN, within the SAE AS5659 WDM LAN specifications document family. Unlike like point-to-point solutions, networks require a control plane to allocate the shared network resources and a management plane which provides a disciplined approach to configuring and monitoring the network. Within a Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) environment, management and control provides wavelength selection and routing for traffic that is processed. The extent of network management and control depends on the design of the network, and can range from hardwired wavelengths to dynamic wavelength allocation with damage recovery.

This document describes the Client Adaptation Element (CAE), the set of functions that provides access and aggregation capability for the WDM LAN, within the SAE AS5659 WDM LAN specifications document family. In the WDM LAN, the CAE fits in between the Optical Backbone, which provides transmission of data over the transparent network, and the clients which the network serves. The complexity of the CAE depends on the types and number of clients.

(1) This document contains three annexes to the SAE AS5506B Standard - the SAE Architecture Analysis and Description Language. (2) The first annex, the Error-Model Language extends the AADL core language with a state machine-based notation. This notation allows for specification of different types of faults, fault behavior of individual system components, fault propagation affecting related components in terms of peer to peer interactions and deployment relationship between software components and their execution platform, aggregation of fault behavior and propagation in terms of the component hierarchy. The notation also allows for specification fault mitigation strategies expected to be implemented in the health monitoring and fault management component of the actual system – also known as Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR).

Develop a profile of the TSN set of standards that is applicable to Avionics use cases, including AS6509 CAIN

This document will contain methods to verify all aspects of the AS5725 interface, similar to how AS47643 contains verification methods for MIL-STD-1760.

The need for developing this standard is driven by the quickly evolving field of electrified propulsion for aircraft. Industry is moving forward in development of a broad range of high voltage primary power systems. There is an immediate need to standardize power quality requirements for design, analysis, verification, and testing for these types of systems.

Technical requirements especially related to the design and construction and the minimum performance requirements (including qualification test conditions) for PM motors and power converters (operated as VFDs) used as the prime mover for more-electric, hybrid-electric, and fully-electric aircraft propulsion systems.

This standard defines a broadband time division command/response multiplex data bus that co-exists and permits concurrent operation with a MIL-STD-1553 Data Bus and MIL-STD-1760 Appendix C. This standard allows utilization of legacy MIL-STD-1553 wiring and bus coupling.

This AIR intends to better document and tabulate electrical load dynamics that influence power source capacity, power quality and stabiltiy.

To determine the end-of-life criteria of electrical insulation materials and components and predict insulation life in high voltage aviation applications

This ARP establishes guidelines for the use of IEEE-802.3 as a data bus network in military and aerospace vehicles. It encompasses the data cable and its connections for a system utilizing 10Base-T, 100Base-T, 1000BASE-T and 10GBASE-T over copper medium dependent interfaces (MDI). This document contains extensions/restrictions to “off-the-shelf” IEEE-802.3 standards, and assumes that the reader already has a working knowledge of IEEE-802.3.

To provide test guidelines, recommendations and referenced standards for insulation materials in a high energy system especially at high voltages (AC, DC and PWM) and at high altitudes, in the purpose of defining/measuring the effects of insulation ageing.

Currently, conventional spark-ignition engines are unfit to satisfy the growing customer requirements on efficiency while complying with the legislations on pollutant emissions. New ignition systems are being developed to extend the engine stable operating range towards increasing lean conditions. Among these, the Radio-Frequency corona igniters represent an interesting solution for the capability to promote the combustion in a much wider region than the one involved by the traditional spark channel. Moreover, the flame kernel development is enhanced by means of the production of non-thermal plasma, where low-temperature active radicals are ignition promoters. However, at low pressure and at high voltage the low temperature plasma benefits can be lost due to occurrences of spark-like events. Recently, RF barrier discharge igniters (BDI) have been investigated for the ability to prevent the arc formation thanks to a strong-breakdown resistance.

Electric vehicles have a limitation of limited range and long charging time. Energy optimization plays a very crucial role in determining the range of an electric vehicle. The innovative system proposed here gives the opportunity to reduce energy wastage and efficiently direct the electrical energy to improve the driving range of a 9 meter AC electric bus. The high voltage air conditioner unit alone consumes more than 40% of the electrical energy stored in the traction battery which reduces the driving range of the electric bus drastically. The proposed system optimizes the air conditioner utilization to direct cool air only in areas where passengers are present. Buses do not always run on full capacity, when there are less number of people in the bus the system detects the locations of the passengers using sensors and occupant detection algorithm, this enables the controller to identify the areas where cooling has to be focused and where cooling can be reduced or stopped.

Connected vehicle services have come a long way from the early days of telematics, both in terms of breadth of the class of vehicles, and in terms of richness or complexity of the data being handled for Enhancing Customer Experience. The Connectivity Control unit (CCU) is a gateway device for the vehicle to the outside world. While it enables transmission of vehicle data along with the location information. CCU is currently validated in the vehicle to check functionality. It has cost, time drawbacks and prevents effective testing of many scenarios. Bench level validation will not be able to complete functionality validation. There is subset of validation tools or semi-automated solutions are available in the market, but they are not fully functional, and critically cannot perform end to end validation. Automated Test setup for CCU in lab simulating the entire field data of the vehicle with modifiable characteristics.

In the OSI model for communication, the physical layer is the lowest layer close to communication lines. For automotive OEMs, physical layer conformance tests are mandatory. As the number of safety critical features in the vehicle is growing, ensuring signal fidelity is a major concern for reliable and real-time operation. CAN/ CAN FD/ LIN/ MOST/ FlexRay/ Ethernet are a few in-vehicle communication protocols in the vehicle network. It is very important for a communicating ECU to comply with protocol standards. Typical requirements per OEM’s specifications under CAN physical Layer include tests for termination resistance, bus voltage level, bit rate, recessive and dominant input thresholds, signal rise/fall time, slew rate, ground offset, sample point of a bit, CAN initialization time, fault-tolerant behavior etc. During the product development life cycle of an ECU, physical layer conformance tests play an important role in verifying signal characteristics.

Advanced combustion engines dominate all automotive applications. Future high efficiency clean combustion engines can contribute significantly to sustainable transportation. Effective ignition strategies are studied to enable lean and diluted combustion under considerably high-density mixture and strong turbulences, for improving the efficiency and emissions of future combustion engines. Continuous discharge and multi-site ignition strategies have been proved to be effective to stabilize the combustion process under lean and EGR diluted conditions. Continuous discharge strategy uses a traditional sparkplug with a single spark gap and multiple ignition coil packs. The ignition coil packs operate under a specific time offset to realize a continuous discharge process with a prolonged discharge duration. Multi-site ignition strategy also uses multiple ignition coil packs.

This standard expands ARINC 660 to include industry-defined architectures for the CNS/ATM operating environment. These architectures are intended to meet long-term requirements (e.g., ADS-B, CPDLC, etc.) and provide growth for the future. Airlines support the implementation of these architectures for the long-term. This standard represents broad airline consensus for developing avionics equipment providing CNS/ATM operating capabilities.