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Waste cooking oils (WCOs) are renewable and in nature can be directly used as fuel into the compression ignition engines. However, the reduction in brake thermal efficiency and increasing smoke emission and oxides of nitrogen need to be solved. There are more techniques used past researchers to improves the performance and reduced the emissions characteristics of WCO. In this present work, an experimental investigation made on the effect of ethanol on engine's behavior using Waste Cooking oil (WCO) based dual fuel diesel engine. A single-cylinder diesel engine was operated and modified the intake to operate dual fuel mode at the maximum power output of 3.54 kW. Ethanol is introduced as primary fuel into the intake manifold and WCO as pilot fuel. The ethanol energy share (EES) of the total fuel was varied from 5% to 40% with a step of 5%, at fixed engine speed equal to 1500 rpm.

In recent years, entirely combined CFD-Multi-Zone chemistry combustion models have been developed fashionably in investigating the HCCI engine combustion. In this work, an enhanced Multi-zone chemistry model is recommended for the HCCI engine combustion and emission simulation. There are four sorts of zones enclosing the crevice zone; boundary layer zone, external zones and center zone of the engine cylinder have been applied. The volume of each zone is steady and depends on the engine geometry. The boundary layer zone is the closest zone to the engine cylinder wall. In this study, the reduced chemical kinetic oxidation mechanism of diesel/biodiesel-ethanol has been numerically investigated in homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The oxidation mechanism of the diesel oil-biodiesel-ethanol at different blends was developed and coupled with Multi-Zone chemical kinetics model.

Depletion of fossil fuels and amendment of strict emission norms demand for the development of new technologies in ensuring effective utilization of existing renewable energy resources. Nanotechnology is one such new tool which finds wide application in automobile industries. Light weight in nature, high degree of durability, toughness and wear resistance makes the usage of nanomaterials wide spread. In view of above points, an attempt was made in this study to experimentally investigate the effect of inclusion of Nano fluids on the behavior of a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel biofuel blends. In this work Cashew Nut Shell Oil (CNSO) is chosen as the biofuel as its calorific value found to be very close to diesel. Initially CNSO and Neat Diesel (ND) are blended at different proportion and CNSO40 is claimed as the best blend as it holds a stability period of more than a week.

Exhaust after treatment devices in diesel engines play a crucial role in control of harmful emissions. The noxious emission released from diesel engines causes a variety of problems to both human beings and the environment. The currently used devices are implemented with new catalyst technologies like DOC, SCR and catalytic converter are all designed to meet stringent emission regulations. Although these devices have considerable conversion efficiency, they are not without drawbacks. The catalysts used in these devices are rarely available and are also very expensive. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is the device currently employed to collect particulate matter. It also has drawbacks like high back pressure, thermal durability restrictions, regeneration issues and poor collection of smaller size particles. In the case of biodiesel these fine sized particles are emitted in larger quantity.

Biodiesel obtained by transesterification process from the fatty leather waste (tannery waste water) was blended with Diesel in various proportions and it was tested in a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct injection (DI) Diesel engine of rated power 4.4 kW at the rated speed of 1500 rpm. Experiments were conducted with B10, B20, B30, B40 and B50 blends and their combustion, performance and emission characteristics were studied in comparison with conventional Diesel fuel. The experimental results show an increase in brake thermal efficiency with biodiesel blends compared to neat Diesel operation. Reduced ignition delay and combustion duration is observed for B30 blend compared to Diesel. The oxides of nitrogen emissions are significantly lower for B10 and B20 blends compared to Diesel operation, whereas with remaining blends the NOx emissions are increased compared to Diesel fuel.

The researchers have been forced to resort a new combustion concept like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) to meet future emission regulations and to minimize the burden of after treatment system. In this work, the fuel vaporizer which is maintained above the boiling point of biodiesel is used to prepare the external mixture for HCCI mode of operation. The prepared biodiesel vapor is mixed with intake air stream and the mixture is inducted into the engine cylinder. The experimental results obtained from HCCI mode of operation are compared with DI diesel and DI biodiesel mode of operation (DI @ 23⁰ before Top Dead Center (bTDC) and 200 bar nozzle opening pressure). From this investigation, it is found that the reduced ignition delay and the occurrence of combustion throughout the cylinder volume lead to lower NOx and PM emissions.

A theoretical model was developed for various equivalence ratios to evaluate the performance characteristics and combustion parameters of vegetable oil esters like Jatropha, Mahua and Neem and they are compared to diesel fuel. The combustion characteristics and performance parameters were predicted for different vegetable oil esters and for various equivalence ratios. From the predicted results, it was found that the heat release and work done were reduced by about 4% for Jatropha, 6% for Mahua and 8% for Neem oil esters when compared to diesel. However, slight increase was observed for specific fuel consumption. The harmful pollutants such as HC, CO, NOx and smoke were reduced in the vegetable oil esters than diesel fuel. From the investigation it was concluded that the performance of vegetable oil esters such as Jatropha, Mahua, and Neem are much better. Thus the developed model was highly capable for simulation work with bio-diesel as a suitable alternative fuel for diesel.

In order to find effective solutions to the problem of air pollution due to combustion processes, attention is paid to the research projects to find alternative sources of energy to replace the rapidly depleting petroleum resources. This paper discusses the experimental studies carried out in a multi-cylinder four stroke gasoline engine using hydrogen as the sole fuel. Apart from this, a new approach on the storage apparatus has also been attempted. The main problem in the gaseous hydrogen storage has been taken care with a new system which is comprised of a capsule that contains nanomaterials in it. Hydrogen is stored in that capsule and it is directly fitted with the engine. This capsule would replace the current fuel storage cylinders. It occupies less size and it also takes care of the safety issues. The performance and emissions characteristics of the hydrogen-fueled engine at constant speed compared with that of gasoline operation has been presented.

Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuel in the near future to solve greenhouse problem and to save conventional fuels. In this study, a Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine was tested for its performance and emissions in dual-fuel (Hydrogen-Diesel) mode operation. Hydrogen was injected into the intake port along with air, while diesel was injected directly inside the cylinder. Hydrogen injection timing and injection duration were varied for a wider range with constant injection timing of 23° Before Injection Top Dead Centre (BITDC) for diesel fuel. When hydrogen is used as a fuel along with diesel, emissions of Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) decrease without exhausting more amount of smoke. The maximum brake thermal efficiency obtained is about 30 % at full load for the optimized injection timing of 5° After Gas Exchange Top Dead Centre (AGTDC) and for an injection duration of 90° crank angle.