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As a result of increasing concerns over air quality, environmental legislation has led to more stringent emissions limits for diesel engines and vehicles. This has affected both engine manufactures and fuel suppliers. Whereas in the US, only the fuel requirements for heavy-duty diesel engines are of key interest, in Europe light-duty diesel applications are also important since diesel-powered passenger vehicles are accepted by customers and their market penetration has increased rapidly. This paper gives an update of Shell's ongoing research on correlations between diesel fuel quality and particulate emissions in both heavy- and light-duty applications. In heavy-duty testing (both steady-state and transient), sulphur is the dominant fuel property affecting particulate emissions. After sulphur correction, fuel effects are small and can best be described by a combination of cetane number and density.