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Safety continues to be one of the most important factors in motor vehicle design, manufacturing, and marketing.  This course provides a comprehensive overview of these critical automotive safety considerations: injury and anatomy; human tolerance and biomechanics; occupant protection; testing; and federal legislation. The knowledge shared at this course enables participants to be more aware of safety considerations and to better understand and interact with safety experts. This course has been approved by the Accreditation Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction (ACTAR) for 18 Continuing Education Units (CEUs).

This class will provide the student with the skills, knowledge, and abilities to interpret, analyze and apply HVEDR data in real-world applications. This course has been designed to build on the concepts presented in the SAE course Accessing and Interpreting Heavy Vehicle Event Data Recorders (ID# C1022). Advanced topics will include associating HVEDR data with collision events through timestamps, odometer logs, and data signatures, validating HVEDR speed data using specified vehicle parameters, performing time and distance analyses using HVEDR data, and correlating HVEDR data to physical evidence from the vehicle and roadway.

Understanding left-turn vehicle-pedestrian accident mechanisms is critical for developing accident-prevention systems. This study aims to clarify the features of driver behavior focusing on drivers’ gaze, vehicle speed, and time to collision (TTC) during left turns at intersections on left-hand traffic roads. Herein, experiments with a sedan and light-duty truck (< 7.5 tons GVW) are conducted under four conditions: no pedestrian dummy (No-P), near-side pedestrian dummy (Near-P), far-side pedestrian dummy (Far-P) and near-and-far side pedestrian dummies (NF-P). For NF-P, sedans have a significantly shorter gaze time for left-side mirrors compared with light-duty trucks. The light-duty truck’s average speed at the initial line to the intersection (L1) and pedestrian crossing line (L0) is significantly lower than the sedan’s under No-P, Near-P, and NF-P conditions, without any significant difference between any two conditions.

Purpose: This award recognizes individuals for their executive leadership in the off-highway industry. Nominees may be executives who have served the off-highway industry for a large portion of their career and can demonstrate significant contributions to the progress and development of this industry, creating value for their company, the industry and/or society. Providing supervisory or managerial engineering direction alone does not fulfill the award requirement This award honors Sid A. Olsen, his contributions to the off-highway industry, and the outstanding engineering management values he personified. Olsen, an SAE Fellow, was Manager of Engine Engineering at John Deere Product Engineering Center. Olsen was an industry leader who actively supported and participated in leading industry activities. Criteria: Vice President or C-suite executive for a minimum of five years. Led at least two major corporate or industry initiatives. Demonstrated success developing collaborative teams.

Purpose: To recognize mobility professionals who have demonstrated outstanding technical innovation and leadership early in their careers. This award was made possible by generous gifts from Russell S. Springer, the Max Bentele Foundation and AEM. Criteria: Engineer working in the mobility industry with less than 10 years industry experience. Demonstrated innovation that has resulted in improvement in a mobility industry technology. Demonstrated leadership and encouragement of others to innovate and promote advances in mobility. Leadership in SAE activities. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for the award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award. Recognition:  This includes an honorarium and an award that is presented at an SAE Event.

Purpose: This award recognizes volunteers who develop students' understanding and experience in math and science by helping teachers implement the A World In Motion® (AWIM®) program in the classroom. The award honors Dr. William G. Agnew, who was instrumental in establishing AWIM and supported the program throughout his lifetime. Criteria: Volunteer experience must have occurred during the most recent academic year. All AWIM volunteers are eligible, including retirees, industry professionals and university/high school students. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for the award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award. Recognition: This includes a certificate and honorarium and is presented at a location meaningful to the recipient. Past Recipients: YEAR RECIPIENT COMPANY 2020 Georgina M.

Purpose: This award recognizes the significant technical achievements brought about by innovation, leadership, and inspiration of employees with disabilities working in the mobility engineering industry. The award was established through a generous contribution from Boeing in 2011. Criteria: The nominee must be an individual who has met the purpose of this award and who is disabled as defined by the latest amendment to the “Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.” Demonstrated success in at least one major technical achievement benefiting the nominee’s company, industry, or society. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for this award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award. Recognition: This includes an honorarium and an award that is presented at an SAE Event.

Purpose: This Award recognizes elementary school teachers that develop students’ understanding of math and science through the use of SAE’s A World In Motion® (AWIM ®) curriculum. The award honors the work and dedication of Lloyd Reuss, former President of General Motors Corp. and Chair of the SAE VISION 2000 Executive Committee. Reuss was a steadfast supporter of SAE’s AWIM program. Criteria: Demonstrated, through qualitative and quantitative data, exemplary use of the AWIM curriculum. Nominees (individuals or teams) must be elementary teachers (K-6) from public, parochial, or private schools. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for the award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award. Recognition:  This includes a certificate and honorarium and is presented at the recipient’s school.

Purpose: This award celebrates the successes of women in the engineering profession and recognizes their leadership and technical contributions in the aerospace, automotive and commercial vehicle sectors. It serves to broaden the awareness of the reach and impact of women working in mobility engineering, and opening doors for young girls interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) who wish to pursue engineering careers. Rodica Baranescu, Ph.D. made a generous gift in 2011 to establish this award. Dr. Baranescu is Past President of SAE International, an SAE Fellow and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.  As a mechanical engineer, she began her professional and academic career in her native country, Romania, before immigrating to the United States in 1980 and was later the first woman elected President of SAE International in 2000.

Purpose: This award recognizes an individual or a team from the automotive industry for outstanding contributions to automotive transmission and driveline technology. Funded through a gift from the Timken Company in 2007, this award honors Howard Simpson, who invented a revolutionary planetary gear set which constituted the basis for the Ford C4 and C5 transmission produced or the famous Chrysler Torqueflite transmission and several General Motors transmission models. Criteria: The award acknowledges new ideas, concepts, innovations, or applications that will assist in improving this technology. Nominees should have demonstrated significant achievements in improving automotive transmission and driveline technology. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for this award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award.

Purpose: This award recognizes engineers who have held leadership positions focused on propulsion technology and can demonstrate innovation through patents, publications, and/or new products or processes. FEV provided the funding for this award to honor professor Franz F. Pischinger, who devoted his career to furthering powertrain technology and the education of young engineers. He held leading positions in the powertrain industry for most of his 50-year career, founded FEV in 1978 and served as the company’s president and CEO until 2003. Criteria: Technical innovation and overall impact on the advancement of powertrain technology over the nominee's career. Contributions to advance SAE's goal to further global mobility technology will be considered. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for this award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award.

Purpose: This award recognizes individuals or teams whose work has reached the highest level of achievement in innovation throughout emerging technologies such as, but not limited to, sustainability, autonomous/automated mobility and advanced manufacturing, across the mobility industry. Innovations must demonstrate industry- or life-changing impact. This award was made possible by the generous contributions from Delco, and Ralph and Sharon Hillquist. Criteria: Unique and original concepts and innovations in emerging technologies that have far-reaching impact for industry and/or for society. Outstanding contributions to technological progress. Individuals and teams may be nominated for this award; multiple award winners are possible. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for the award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award.

Purpose: This award honors renowned inventor and businessman Magnus Hendrickson, who founded Hendrickson Motor Truck Company in 1913, by recognizing individuals or teams (SAE members or non-members) whose efforts in commercial vehicle dynamics represent true innovation and have created significant, lasting change in the commercial vehicle industry. This award was made possible by a generous gift from Hendrickson. Criteria: The ideal award recipient(s) is an individual or team (SAE member or non-member) whose research and/or practical application represents unique, original concepts that when applied to vehicle dynamics, cause significant, positive change and elevate vehicle dynamics to new levels of innovation. “Commercial Vehicle” is defined as a Class 1 through 8 on-highway or on/off–highway truck, tractor-trailer, or bus whose primary purpose is to transport goods or people and excludes any such vehicles intended solely for use in military, farming, or construction applications.

Purpose: This award recognizes students (individuals or teams) who have developed technological innovations in the mobility industry in their research or schoolwork. This award honors the memory of Professor Henry O. Fuchs. Professor Fuchs participated in the SAE Fatigue Design & Evaluation Committee's research projects and founded the SAE Fatigue Concepts in Design short course. Criteria: Nominees must be students at the time of nomination and have demonstrated new and unique innovations or concepts that benefit the mobility industry which can include, but are not limited to, fatigue technology. Eligibility: Members of the Selection Committee are not eligible for this award while serving on the committee. Two years must pass before former members of the Selection Committee are eligible to receive the award. Recognition: This includes an honorarium and a certificate that is presented at an SAE Event. Past Recipients: YEAR RECIPIENT COMPANY Spring 2013 Jonathan R.

Abstract For taking counter measures in advance to prevent accidental risks, it is of significance to explore the causes and evolutionary mechanism of ship collisions. This article collects 70 ship collision accidents in Zhejiang coastal waters, where 60 cases are used for modeling while 10 cases are used for verification (testing). By analyzing influencing factors (IFs) and causal chains of accidents, a Bayesian network (BN) model with 19 causal nodes and 1 consequential node is constructed. Parameters of the BN model, namely the conditional probability tables (CPTs), are determined by mathematical statistics methods and Bayesian formulas. Regarding each testing case, the BN model’s prediction on probability of occurrence is above 80% (approaching 100% indicates the certainty of occurrence), which verifies the availability of the model. Causal analysis based on the backward reasoning process shows that H (Human error) is the main IF resulting in ship collisions.

When investigating traffic accidents, it is important to determine the causes. To do so, it is necessary to reconstruct the accident situation accurately and in detail using objective and diverse information. We propose a method for reconstructing the accident situation (“reconstruction method”) which consists of rebuilding the situation immediately before the collision (“pre-crash situation”) using data collected during that time by an event data recorder (EDR) and a dashboard camera (DBC) onboard one or both of the vehicles involved. First, the vehicle’s traveling trajectory was integrally calculated using the vehicle speed and yaw rate recorded by the EDR, each point along the trajectory being linked to the EDR data.

Highway safety remains a significant concern, especially in mixed traffic scenarios involving heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) and smaller passenger cars. The vulnerability of HDVs following closely behind smaller cars is evident in incidents involving the lead vehicle, potentially leading to catastrophic rear-end collisions. This paper explores how automatic speed enforcement systems, using speed cameras, can mitigate risks for HDVs in such critical situations. While historical crash data consistently demonstrates the reduction of accidents near speed cameras, this paper goes beyond the conventional notion of crash occurrence reduction. Instead, it investigates the profound impact of driver behavior changes within desired travel speed distribution, especially around speed cameras, and their contribution to the safety of trailing vehicles, with a specific focus on heavy-duty trucks in accident-prone scenarios.

Automatic emergency braking and forward collision warning (FCW) reduce the incidence of police-reported rear-end crashes by 27% to 50%, but these systems may not be effective for preventing rear-end crashes with nonpassenger vehicles. IIHS and Transport Canada evaluated FCW performance with 12 nonpassenger and 7 passenger vehicle or surrogate vehicle targets in five 2021-2022 model year vehicles. The presence and timing of an FCW was measured as a test vehicle traveling 50, 60, or 70 km/h approached a stationary target ahead in the lane center. Equivalence testing was used to evaluate whether the proportion of trials with an FCW (within ± 0.20) and the average time-to-collision of the warning (within ± 0.23 sec) for each target was meaningfully different from a global vehicle car target (GVT).

Lane changing is an essential action in commercial vehicles to prevent collisions. However, steering system malfunctions significantly escalate the risk of head-on collisions. With the advancement of intelligent chassis control technologies, some autonomous commercial vehicles are now equipped with a four-wheel independent braking system. This article develops a lane-changing control strategy during steering failures using torque vectoring through brake allocation. The boundaries of lane-changing capabilities under different speeds via brake allocation are also investigated, offering valuable insights for driving safety during emergency evasions when the steering system fails. Firstly, a dual-track vehicle dynamics model is established, considering the non-linearity of the tires. A quintic polynomial approach is employed for lane-changing trajectory planning. Secondly, a hierarchical controller is designed.

Shadow positions can be useful in determining the time of day that a photograph was taken and determining the position, size, and orientation of an object casting a shadow in a scene. Astronomical equations can predict the location of the sun relative to the earth, and therefore the position of shadows cast by objects, based on the location’s latitude and longitude as well as the date and time. 3D computer software have begun to include these calculations as a part of their built-in sun systems. In this paper, the authors examine the sun system in the 3D modeling software Blender to determine its accuracy for use in accident reconstruction. A parking lot was scanned using Faro LiDAR scanner to create a point cloud of the environment. A camera was then set up on a tripod at the environment and photographs were taken at various times throughout the day from the same location in the environment.