Internal audits are a requirement of the AS9100, AS 13100 and RM 13005 and are intended to verify the compliance and effectiveness of an organization's quality management system. The methods and techniques for performing internal audits have significantly changed in the aviation, space and defense industries, and internal auditors must be knowledgeable of these requirements and the expectations as identified in the standard.
On-board diagnosis of engine and transmission systems has been mandated by government regulation for light and medium vehicles since the 1996 model year. The regulations specify many of the detailed features that on-board diagnostics must exhibit. In addition, the penalties for not meeting the requirements or providing in-field remedies can be very expensive. This course is designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how and why OBD systems function and the technical features that a diagnostic should have in order to ensure compliant and successful implementation.
Effective contrail management while ensuring operational and economic efficiencies for flight services is essential for providing services with minimal adverse environmental impact. The paper explores various aspects of contrail management applicable to different platforms such as Unmanned vehicles, Commercial airliners and Business & regional jets. The aspects unique to each platform such as flight levels of operation, fuel types, flight endurance and radius of operation have been analyzed. Expanse of 5G network is resulting in increased flight activity at flight levels not envisaged hitherto. The paper also dwells on the ramifications of the increased proliferation of different platforms at newer flight levels from the perspective of contrail management.
The purpose of the Air Generation System is to provide a constant supply of conditioned fresh air to meet the necessary oxygen availability and to prevent carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations for the occupants in an aircraft. The engine bleed energy or electrical load energy consumed towards this circumstance accounts to be approx. 5% of total fuel burn and in turn, contributes to the global emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper studies the improvement areas of the present conventional system such as fuel burn consumption associated with an aircraft environmental control system (ECS) depending on, the amount of bleed and ram air usage, electric power consumption. Improved systems for propulsion, power generation, sustainability, hybridization, and environmental control can be desirable for an aircraft.
Hypersonic flight vehicles have potential applications in strategic defence, space missions, and future civilian high-speed transportation systems. However, structural integration has significant challenges due to extreme aero-thermo-mechanical coupled effects. Scramjet-powered air-breathing hypersonic vehicles experience extreme heat loads induced by combustion, shock waves and viscous heat dissipation. An active cooling thermal protection system for scramjet applications has the highest potential for thermal load management, especially for long-duration flights, considering the weight penalty associated with the heavier passive thermal insulation structures. We consider the case of active cooling of scramjet engine structural walls with endothermic hydrocarbon fuel. We have developed a semi-analytical quasi-2D heat transfer model considering a prismatic core single cooling channel segment as a representative volume element (RVE) to analyse larger-scale problems.
This course is designed to provide an overview of the fundamental design objectives and the features needed to achieve those objectives for generic on-board diagnostics. The basic structure of an on-board diagnostic will be described along with the system definitions needed for successful implementation.
The SAE J1772 charging standard was first published in 1996, evolving to the present form factor (920vdc/500A capable couplers). In 2022 the existing Tesla North American Charging ‘standard’ (NACS) specification (TS-0023666) was published and offered without patent limitations to the level of detail in the published specification. https://digitalassets.tesla.com/tesla-contents/image/upload/North-American-Charging-Standard-Technical-Specification-TS-0023666 In 2023 several North American vehicle OEMs announced that they would offer the NACS inlet on their vehicles in 2025. The SAE J3400 North American Charging System standard work group was launched in July 2023 with the intent of publishing a first draft Technical Information Reference (TIR) by late 2023. https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3400/ This paper covers the process and limitations of publishing that TIR, ASAP.
In this paper we discuss the dependency between powertrain design and automated driving. The research questions at hand are how much impacts automated driving the drive design and how is the energy and fuel consumption in comparison to customer driving influenced. For this investigation a concept study is carried out for a D-segment vehicle and multiple powertrain topologies, ranging from non-electrified to plug-in hybrids and battery electric vehicles. In order to address the research questions at hand the utilized development process is presented accordingly as well as the methods for drive system optimization, taking into account all vehicle requirements, drive system as well as components and their interactions with each other. This work focuses on two automated driving functions developed at the Institute of Automotive Engineering of the Technische Universität Braunschweig. The functions are an “automated valet parking” and a “highway pilot”.