On-board diagnosis of engine and transmission systems has been mandated by government regulation for light and medium vehicles since the 1996 model year. The regulations specify many of the detailed features that on-board diagnostics must exhibit. In addition, the penalties for not meeting the requirements or providing in-field remedies can be very expensive. This course is designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how and why OBD systems function and the technical features that a diagnostic should have in order to ensure compliant and successful implementation.
Electric aircraft have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable aviation, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution. Efficiently estimating and optimizing energy consumption in these aircraft is crucial for enhancing their design, operation, and overall performance. This paper presents a novel framework for analyzing and modeling energy consumption patterns in lightweight electric aircraft. A mathematical model is developed, encompassing key factors such as aircraft weight, velocity, wing area, air density, coefficient of drag, and battery efficiency. This model estimates the total energy consumption during steady-level flight, considering the power requirements for propulsion, electrical systems, and auxiliary loads. The model serves as the foundation for analyzing energy consumption patterns and optimizing the performance of lightweight electric aircraft.
The descent phase of GAGANYAAN (Indian Manned Space Mission) culminates with a crew module impacting at a predetermined site in Indian waters. During water impact, huge amount of loads are experienced by the astronauts. This demands an impact attenuation system which can attenuate the impact loads and reduce the acceleration experienced by astronauts to safe levels. Current state of the art impact attenuation systems use honeycomb core, which is passive, expendable, can only be used once (at touchdown impact) during the entire mission and does not account off-nominal impact loads. Active and reusable attenuation systems for crew module is still an unexplored territory. Three configurations of impact attenuators were selected for this study for the current GAGANYAAN crew module configuration, namely, hydraulic damper, hydro-pneumatic damper and airbag systems.