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Nanotechnology pertains to materials, components or devices with a scale of features on the order of 1 to 100 nanometers. While that definition might seem to be fairly specific, there is actually abroad-based and far reaching amount of research and development occurring globally at this scale, which is just above that of individual atoms. Considering that the context of this briefing is automotive applications, we will exclude the segments of nanotechnology dealing with biology or molecular engineering in order to focus on nanoscale materials science. Even with this reduction of scope, there is still a broad range of technologies to be considered. Automotive advances ranging from lighter and stronger structural materials to more efficient powertrains and advanced electronics can all be significantly advanced by nanotechnology.