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In order to improve understanding of the primary atomization process for diesel-like sprays, a collaborative experimental and computational study was focused on the near-nozzle spray structure for the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray D single-hole injector. These results were presented at the 5th Workshop of the ECN in Detroit, Michigan. Application of x-ray diagnostics to the Spray D standard cold condition enabled quantification of distributions of mass, phase interfacial area, and droplet size in the near-nozzle region from 0.1 to 14 mm from the nozzle exit. Using these data, several modeling frameworks, from Lagrangian-Eulerian to Eulerian-Eulerian and from Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) to Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), were assessed in their ability to capture and explain experimentally observed spray details. Due to its computational efficiency, the Lagrangian-Eulerian approach was able to provide spray predictions across a broad range of conditions.

This research paper gives a description of the Permo-Drive Regenerative Energy Management System, (PDREMS), and describes the development of a quasi-static computer based simulation of the Hydraulic Regenerative system for use on heavy commercial vehicles. Modeling of the PDREMS was done in the Matlab/Simulink environment, which was then implemented into the NREL's Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR). Validation of the model was achieved through comparison to fuel trials performed on a vehicle with the PDREMS fitted. From the ADVSIOR software, predictions of PDREMS performance were made under different operating conditions on a series of different driving cycles. A brief summary of the postgraduate research being done at Monash University is given in the conclusion.

The work in this paper presents a technique for controlling a hybrid powertrain using fuzzy logic. Work has been carried out in this area previously for the case of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV's), but the case for hydraulic-hybrids presents several different challenges. This paper describes the overall project on the hydraulic regenerative system, and its method of assisting braking and acceleration. The Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the powertrain is then introduced, along with the rule base and general strategy for operation. Thirdly, a description of the fuzzy controller's implementation into the NREL's ADVISOR is made, along with estimates of potential gains. Fourth, a discussion regarding the implementation of the FLC into the actual vehicle's control unit is made, with some suggestions for future work.

In this paper, a theoretical model for the calculation of Specific Dissipation (SD) was developed. Based on the model, the effect of ambient and coolant radiator inlet temperatures on SD has been predicted. Results indicate that the effect of ambient and coolant inlet temperature variation on SD is small (less than 2%) when ambient temperature varies between 10 and 50°C and coolant radiator inlet temperature between 60 and 120°C. The effect of coolant flowrate on SD is larger if there is a larger flowrate variation. Experimental results indicate that a 1 % variation at 1.0 L/s will cause about ±0.6% SD variation. Therefore the flowrate should be carefully controlled.

Start-up of a diesel engine in low ambient temperatures is difficult or even impossible without additional devices which assist in this task. The problem of engine start-up is magnified at subzero ambient temperatures. This paper presents selected results of theoretical and experimental investigations of various heating systems which allow successful start-up of a Diesel engine in such low temperatures. The presented results provide a guidance for selecting a suitable heating system.