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Our previous study focused on not only how the physical properties of pad matrix strength and porosity depend on the titanates' crystal structure and shape, but also on the chemical properties of the titanates themselves. As a result, it was found that the reaction that occurs on the friction surface of the titanate and the phenolic resin has an influence on the tribological performance of brakes. Our conclusion was that titanates affect the thermal reaction of phenolic resins. Our newest study uses 1/7-scale dynamometer testing to further investigate the relationship between titanate compounds and phenolic resins. The results make clear that when titanate is added, μ is more stable than when not added. The results of chemical experiments showed that the products of pyrolysis are different when titanate is added or not added. Our conclusion is the property of the products of pyrolysis affects the stability of μ.

Titanate compounds are well-known for being widely used in Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) brake pad formulations. These NAO formulations provide excellent performance in friction stability and a low amount of wear for disc brake pads. In our previous reports, we observed that brake performance in dynamo testing is influenced by a titanate's chemical composition, crystalline structure, and powder properties. We also introduced the thrust test machine as an easy method to evaluate friction materials [1], [2]. In our later research, Otsuka synthesized a new non-fibrous titanate that performs nearly at the same level as fibrous titanates. This new non-fibrous compound contains many pores which form as a result of aggregates of submicron-sized particles; this thereby provides strong fade-proof performance [3].

It is known that titanates widely use materials for the Non-Asbestos-and-Organic formulation; NAO has excellent performance such as stability in friction level and low wear for disc brake pads. In our previous report[1], we presented that those brake performance depends on the chemical composition, crystal structure and powder properties of titanates from the dynamometer test results. And we introduced the thrust test machine to evaluate friction materials easily[2]. In this study, we have improved the thrust test condition to the repetition of sliding and stopping instead of the continuous sliding. In this interval method, we have controlled the temperature of the friction surface, and have been able to observe a phenomenon of wear that occurs under high temperature in our laboratory. Then we clarified the correlation between powder characteristics and brake performances.