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Particulate and regulated gaseous emissions were characterized in a feasibility study for a 1994 Ford Taurus Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) operating on five fuels. The five fuels included Federal Reformulated Gasoline (RFG); 85% fuel grade methanol and 15% gasoline (M85); 85% denatured ethanol and 15% gasoline (E85d); liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) meeting HD-5 specifications; and industry average compressed natural gas (CNG). The vehicle was operated fuel-rich to simulate a vehicle operating condition leading to increased production of particulate matter. This simulation was accomplished by using a universal exhaust gas oxygen sensor (UEGO) in connection with an external controller. Appropriate aftermarket conversion kits involving closed-loop control and adaptive learning capabilities allowed operation on the gaseous fuels. Particulate emissions were characterized by total mass and particle size.

A variety of multicomponent emergency transportation fuel formulations (diesel and spark) are evaluated by means of bench tests, single and multicylinder engine dynamometer tests, and chassis dynamometer tests. A wide range of alcohol and liquid hydrocarbon extenders are evaluated according to the tradeoff between performance loss and base fuel stretch-out with increasing extender concentration. Changes in gaseous exhaust emissions are also given in relative terms as a function of extender concentration. Detailed chemical composition and physical properties of blend combinations and individual blend constituents are also included. Collectively, these data form the basis for the DOE Emergency Fuel Utilization Guidebook.