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This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) identifies the best practices to reduce damage and promote safety during the storage, handling, and shipping of W/T assemblies.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) relates considerations for design test procedures and test data evaluation for qualification of tire spray deflection devices.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to document the process of landing gear system development. This document includes landing gear system development plans for commercial/military, fixed wing, and rotary wing air vehicles.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses the nature of landing gear stability, describes many common landing gear stability problems, and suggests approaches and methods for solving or avoiding them.

This document is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes current flotation analysis methods. Due to the close relationship between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are also included in this document. As runway design criteria are occasionally used for flotation evaluation, including some for runways built to now obsolete criteria, a listing of the majority of these criteria constitutes the third part. The fourth part of this document tabulates the most relevant documents, categorizing them for commercial and civil versus military usage, by military service to be satisfied, and by type of pavement. This document concludes with brief elaborations of some concepts for broadening the analyst’s understanding of the subject.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) includes recommended ground flotation analysis methods for both paved and unpaved airfields with application to both commercial and military aircraft.

This report has been compiled by the Landing Gear Systems Terminology Panel of SAE Committee A-5 (Aerospace Landing Gear Systems). It represents an effort to gather together those terms commonly used within the discipline. Some terms are of course common to other disciplines as well. Others, however, are unique in form and/or meaning to the landing gear discipline. The need has been noted to set these terms down and provide a standard definition in order that communication within the discipline may be conducted with a common understanding. Full use has been made of available published information, and a list of references is provided. See also References (a) to (e). Terms listed are usually applicable to a general functional area of landing gear disciplines. These general functional areas include; landing impact, directional ground control, velocity control (acceleration, retardation, and arrestment), structural support, ground flotation, and ground maintenance.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) relates considerations for design test procedures and test data evaluation for qualification of tire spray deflection devices.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the performance of plating’s and coatings for landing gear that potentially provide environmental compliance benefits versus the current baseline processes. The hazardous systems addressed in this version of the document include cadmium plating, chromated primers, and high VOC (volatile organic compounds) topcoats. The AIR applies to landing gear structures and mechanisms for all types of civil and military aircraft. The potential replacements apply to both Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) hardware and overhaul of in-service landing gears.

The landing gear system is a major and safety critical airframe system that needs to be integrated efficiently to meet the overall aircraft program goals of minimizing the penalties of weight, cost, dispatch reliability and maintenance. As the landing gear system business develops and large-scale teaming arrangements and acquisitions become increasingly common, it may be desirable in some instances to procure an Integrated Landing Gear System. This document provides guidelines and useful references for developing an integrated landing gear system for an aircraft. The document structure is divided into four sections: Landing Gear System Configuration Requirements (Section 3) Landing Gear System Functional Requirements (Section 4) Landing Gear System Integrity Requirements (Section 5) Landing Gear System Program Requirements (Section 6) The landing gear system encompasses all landing gear structural and subsystem elements.

Consideration for the damaging effects to aircraft from the failure of wheels and tires should be evaluated. This document discusses the types of problems in-service aircraft have experienced and methodology in place to assist the designers when evaluating threats for new aircraft design. The purpose of this document is to provide a history of in-service problems, provide a historical summary of the design improvements made to wheels and tires during the past 40 years, and to offer methodology which has been used to help designers assess the threat to ensure the functionality of systems and equipment located in and around the landing gear and in wheel wells.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the origin of cornering forces generated by tilted, free-swiveling nose gears; the effect of various landing gear parameters on the measured cornering forces; and a method of towing aircraft to measure the resulting steering forces.

This report will document Runway Condition Monitoring systems that provide information intended to reduce or eliminate aircraft runway excursions or overruns that may occur as a result of poor runway conditions.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on landing gear operation in cold temperature environments. It covers all operational aspects during ground handling, takeoff, and landing. It includes effects on tires, brakes, shock struts, seals, and actuators.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides an overview of the tire properties, strut properties, damper properties, and other landing gear mechanical properties that contribute to shimmy stability and are required for shimmy analysis. A variety of analysis techniques and assumptions are presented.

This document covers recommendations for the application of existing qualified and approved in-service fixed wing aircraft tires, wheels and brakes to military and commercial rotorcraft. NOTE: This document does not address the use of radial tires due to insufficient data to support their approved use on rotorcraft, see paragraph 4.3.14 for specific impact on ground resonance.

The purpose of this Aerospace Information Report is to provide the industry with methodologies for measuring tire/wheel gear alignment and the range of acceptable alignment settings for various types of non-military landing gear. This AIR will focus on the general aviation, corporate, and regional aircraft landing gear but could have applicability to commercial aircraft.

This document categorizes the different types of storage requirements, either on the aircraft or new unused or overhauled on the shelf, for aircraft landing gears/components. Recommendations and examples of proper landing gear storage are outlined. Reclamation recommendations are provided for aircraft landing gear returning from long-term storage.

This document is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes the various methods used. To accomplish the minimum intent of this document, techniques could be limited to those needed for flotation analysis only; however, because of the close relation between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are also included. In fact, runway design criteria are used for flotation and evaluation in some cases, and are periodically the governing procedure in specific, if isolated, instances. From time to time, it may be necessary to deal with runways built to obsolete criteria. Therefore, a listing of most of these constitutes the third part.

A tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is a means to electronically measure and report the current tire pressure. Some systems are capable of transmitting the information to the flight deck while other systems are for use on the ground by maintenance personnel (only). This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) document is intended to establish overall component and system function guidelines and minimum performance levels for a TPMS. The system should visually indicate the tire inflation pressure status. These guidelines include, but are not limited to: a) Design recommendations for system components, which: 1. monitor tire inflation, and, 2. are located in/on the tire/wheel assembly, landing gear axle, and/or aircraft avionics compartment. b) Recommended performance and safety guidelines for a TPMS.