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This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information related to experience with carbon brake quality-assurance rejected takeoff tests, and considerations regarding test setup, test conditions, test frequency and cost considerations.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document unique design approaches used for aircraft wheels and brakes.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for wheel, brake, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on aircraft certificated under 14 CFR Parts 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this specification is not considered approval for installation on any aircraft.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for the function, design, construction, and testing of an on-aircraft Brake Temperature Monitoring System (BTMS), sometimes referred to as a Brake Temperature Indication System (BTIS). NOTE: This ARP does not address: Cockpit ergonomics and Aircraft operating procedures. Various handheld methods of temperature sensing or readouts, as these are not associated with transport aircraft during normal operation. Temperature sensitive paints as a means to indicate exceedance of a landing gear axle temperature threshold due to brake temperature.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to provide guidance on verifying the integrity of inflation pressure sealing systems of aircraft wheel/tire assemblies.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on the parking brake system design for a variety of aircraft including part 23, 25, 27, and 29. The document includes a discussion of key technical issues with parking brakes. This document does NOT provide recommended practices for parking brake system design.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the configuration of aircraft wheel inflation valve assemblies, including required tolerances, materials, and appropriate finishes.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design approaches used for current applications of aircraft Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems. The document also discusses the experience gained during service, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The document includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on the current state of the art systems.

This document outlines the development process and makes recommendations for total antiskid/aircraft systems compatibility. These recommendations encompass all aircraft systems that may affect antiskid brake control and performance. It focuses on recommended practices specific to antiskid and its integration with the aircraft, as opposed to more generic practices recommended for all aircraft systems and components. It defers to the documents listed in Section 2 for generic aerospace best practices and requirements. The documents listed below are the major drivers in antiskid/aircraft integration: 1 ARP4754 2 ARP4761 3 RTCA DO-178 4 RTCA DO-254 5 RTCA DO-160 6 ARP490 7 ARP1383 8 ARP1598 In addition, it covers design and operational goals, general theory, and functions, which should be considered by the aircraft brake system engineer to attain the most effective skid control performance, as well as methods of determining and evaluating antiskid system performance.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide a recommended minimum laboratory roll performance for main landing gear aircraft wheels without tires installed and applies to both bolted and lock-ring wheel designs for FAA Part 25 and military aircraft main wheels (not required for any nose wheels or main wheels on FAA Part 23, 27 or 29 applications).

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design, operation, and attributes of electrical braking systems for both military and commercial aircraft. At this time, the document focuses only on brakes utilizing electromechanical actuators (EMAs), as that is the present state of the art. As such, the discussions herein assume that EMAs can simply replace the hydraulic actuation portion of typical brake system leaving things such as the wheel and heat sink unchanged. Furthermore, the document provides detail information from the perspective of brake system design and operation. The document also addresses failure modes, certification issues, and past development efforts. Details on the design and control of electric motors, gear train design, ball or roller screw selection are available in the reference documents and elsewhere, but are outside the scope of this document.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for wheel, brake, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on aircraft certificated under 14 CFR Parts 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this specification is not considered approval for installation on any aircraft.

The aircraft landing gear is a complex multi-degree of freedom dynamic system, and may encounter vibration or dynamic response problems induced by braking action. The vibratory modes can be induced by brake and tire-ground frictional characteristics, antiskid operation, brake design features, landing gear design features, and tire characteristics. The impact of this vibration can range from catastrophic failure of critical system components or entire landing gears, to fatigue of small components, to passenger annoyance. It is therefore important that the vibration is assessed during the design concept phase, and verified during the development and testing phases of the system hardware. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the A-5A Subcommittee to present an overview of the landing gear problems associated with aircraft braking system dynamics, and the approaches to the identification, diagnosis, and solution of these problems.

The purpose of this document is to relate areas where carbon brake technology may differ from traditional steel brake technology in design and performance. Carbon brakes have been used on military aircraft for many years and are now frequently used on newly commercial developed aircraft. This document presents some of the lessons learned.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended planning and substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety of the originally certified aircraft, and performance and aircraft compatibility are appropriately addressed in aircraft documentation. Successful demonstration also requires that failure modes be identified and mitigation provided for each. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as approval of an alternate supplier.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes conditions under which freezing (frozen) brakes can occur and describes operating procedures which have been used to prevent or lessen the severity or probability of brake freezing. This document also identifies design features that some manufacturers implement to minimize the occurrence of freezing brakes. This document is not an Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) and therefore does not make recommendations based on a consensus of the industry. However, part of this document’s purpose is to describe the design and operational practices that some are using to minimize the risk of frozen brakes. NOTE: The following information is based upon experience gained across a wide-range of aircraft types and operational profiles, and should NOT take precedence over Aircraft Flight Manual or Flight Operations Procedures.

This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide information on industry practices for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.

This document recommends supplementary design criteria to enhance endurance and reliability of transport aircraft wheels and brakes.