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This document is applicable to commercial and military aircraft fuel quantity indication systems. It is intended to give guidance for system design and installation. It describes key areas to be considered in the design of a modern fuel system and builds upon experiences gained in the industry in the last 10 years.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report presents a glossary of terms commonly used in the ground delivery of fuel to an aircraft and pertinent terms relating to the aircraft being refueled.

The test procedure applies to the refueling manifold system connectingn the receiver aircraft fuel tanks to the refueling source fuel pump(s) for both ground and aerial refueling. The test procedure is intended to verify that the limit value for surge pressure specified for the receiver fuel system is not exceeded when refueling from a refueling source which meets the requirements of AS1284 (reference 2). This recommended practice is not directly applicable to surge pressure developed during operation of an aircraft fuel system, such as initiating or stopping engine fuel feed or fuel transfer within an aircraft, or the pressure surge produced when the fuel pumps are first started to fill an empty fuel manifold.

The scope of this document is to provide pertinent information on demonstrating the performance of Flame Arrestors, also known as Fuel Vent Protectors (FVPs), in preventing the propagation of a deflagration when the arrestors are subjected to aerospace-representative flames produced by the venting of flammable gas through the arrestor. Test procedures for two separate combustion-loading profiles are presented herein: The flame hold test condition, and the flame propagation test condition. For the flame hold test condition, the applicability of two separate critical flows is discussed in which one flow results in the greatest flame arrestor temperature and a second flow results in the greatest temperature of the surrounding structure.

This report is intended to identify the various errors typically encountered in capacitance fuel quantity measurement systems. In addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of fuel measurement accuracy using capacitance based sensing is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.

This document describes recommended methods, associated equipment, and test setups to assist in understanding and conducting pressure drop tests on fuel system components. Background information and suggestions are provided to improve accuracy and repeatability of test results. Although written specifically for fuel system components, the methods, equipment, and suggestions presented herein apply equally to pressure drop tests conducted on any equipment utilizing incompressible fluids.

This specification covers the requirements for installation of fuel and oil lines in aircraft, except those lines furnished as part of the engine.

MIL-STD-1290, 14 CFR 27.952, and 14 CFR 29.952 provide crash resistant fuel system design and test criteria that significantly minimize fuel leaks and occurrence of post-crash fire in survivable impacts. This document does not change and does not authorize changes in or deviations from MIL-Standard or regulatory requirements. This document provides guidance for the design, performance, and test criteria for self-sealing breakaway valves.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is a compilation of engineering references and data useful to the technical community that can be used to ensure fuel system compatibility with composite structure. This AIR is not a complete detailed design guide and is not intended to satisfy all potential fuel system applications. Extensive research, design, and development are required for each individual application.

Applications include specifications, reports, ratings, texts etc., where fluid leakage rates are treated.

The importance of adequate component procurement specifications to the success of a hardware development program cannot be overemphasized. Specifications which are too stringent can be as detrimental as specifications which are too lax. Performance specifications must not only identify all of the component requirements, but they must also include sufficient quality assurance provisions so that compliance can be verified. It should be understood that in almost every case specifications for components will ultimately become part of a BINDING, WRITTEN CONTRACT (PO). The purpose of this document is to describe types of specifications, provide guidance for the preparation of fluid component specifications, and identify documents commonly referenced in fluid component specifications.

This specification covers the requirements for installation of fuel and oil lines in aircraft, except those lines furnished as part of the engine.

This document provides recommended methods and describes associated equipment and test setups to assist in understanding and conducting pressure drop tests on fuel system components. Background information and suggestions are provided as means of improving accuracy and repeatability of test results. Although written specifically for fuel system components, the methods, equipment and suggestions presented herein apply equally to pressure drop tests of other liquid-handling devices.

This document defines design, performance, and test criteria for self-sealing breakaway valves.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the maximum allowable free opening dimensions for airframe fueling ports on civil aircraft that require the exclusive use of gasoline as an engine fuel, and the minimum free opening dimensions for airframe fueling ports on civil aircraft that operate with turbine fuels as the primary fuel type and with gasoline as the emergency fuel type. This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) also defines the features and dimensions for airframe refueling ports on civil aircraft that require the exclusive use of turbine fuel as an engine fuel. In addition, this document defines the minimum fuel nozzle spout dimensions for turbine fuel ground service equipment, and the maximum fuel nozzle spout diameter for gasoline ground service equipment.

The importance of adequate component procurement specifications to the success of a hardware development program cannot be overemphasized. Specifications which are too stringent can be as detrimental as specifications which are too lax. Performance specifications must not only identify all of the component requirements, but they must also include sufficient quality assurance provisions so that compliance can be verified. It should be understood that in almost every case specifications for components will ultimately become part of a BINDING, WRITTEN CONTRACT (PO). The purpose of this document is to describe types of specifications, provide guidance for the preparation of fluid component specifications, and identify documents commonly referenced in fluid component specifications.

The test procedure applies to the refueling manifold system connecting the receiver aircraft fuel tanks to the refueling source fuel pump(s) for both ground and aerial refueling. The test procedure is intended to verify that the limit value for surge pressure specified for the receiver fuel system is not exceeded when refueling from a refueling source which meets the requirements of AS1284 (reference 2). This recommended practice is not directly applicable to surge pressure developed during operation of an aircraft fuel system, such as initiating or stopping engine fuel feed or fuel transfer within an aircraft, or the pressure surge produced when the fuel pumps are first started to fill an empty fuel manifold.

This document defines design, performance, and test criteria for self-sealing breakaway valves for use in crash-resistant aircraft fuel systems.

This report is intended to identify the necessary analytical tools to enable making value judgments for minimizing the various errors typically encountered in capacitance systems. Thus, in addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of capacitance accuracy is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of Capacitive Fuel Gauging operation is provided in the Appendix.

Applications include specifications, reports, ratings, texts etc., where fluid leakage rates are treated.