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The automobile and light truck industries are increasing considering the use of magnesium castings in structural and elevated-temperature applications. Unfortunately, the bolt load compressive stress retention behavior of magnesium alloys is unacceptable for most elevated temperature applications. In this investigation, the effects of bolt strength and the mis-match in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of magnesium alloy AZ91D and the bolt material has been determined for a wide range of materials (martensitic steel, austenitic stainless steel, ductile iron and aluminum alloys). Also, the effect of heat treating the magnesium alloy, the effect of re-tightening the bolts after the first thermal cycle and the maximum load carry capacity of numerous bolt materials were determined. Corrosion was not considered.

Elevated temperature bolt load compressive stress retention testing of four high temperature magnesium alloys (AJ50X, AJ52X, AS21X and AE42), two structural magnesium alloys (AM50A and AM60B), one aluminum alloy (383) and one gray iron alloy were performed at the INTERMET Technical Center over a period of about one year. Artificial aging of some of these alloys during testing was observed. The effect of a heat treatment designed to thermally stabilize the microstructure was evaluated and determined to significantly improve magnesium performance and degrade aluminum performance. This paper documents the test procedure and the test results.

The automobile and light truck industries are increasingly using more magnesium castings in structural and high-temperature applications. Unfortunately, the castability and mechanical behavior of the commonly used alloys have not been compared under similar conditions. Further, new alloys intended for high-temperature applications (Noranda AJ50X, Noranda AJ52X, Hydro AS21X, Dead Sea Magnesium MRI-153) are being promoted, but their casting and mechanical behavior are not well known. Therefore, five high temperature magnesium alloys (AJ50X, AJ52X, AS21X, MRI-153 and AE42), two magnesium alloys more commonly used for structural applications (AM50A and AM60B) and one aluminum alloy (383) were melted and cast at the INTERMET Monroe City Plant (a production high-pressure die casting facility). The castings were subsequently evaluated at the INTERMET Technical Center and outside testing laboratories.

SAE 1046 steel axle I-beam forgings produced by the direct quench method and the conventional reheat and quench method were examined. Impact and tensile specimens obtained from sections of two direct quench and one conventional reheat and quench axle I-beams were tested. These data were correlated with hardness and microstructure to determine the relationship between microstructure and properties. The microstructure of direct quenched beams is coarse grained with a martensite case and bainite core. In contrast, the microstructure of conventionally heat treated beams is fine grained with a martensite and/or bainite case and pearlite core. Tensile and impact properties indicate that direct quenching is an acceptable alternative to the conventional reheat and quench process. Fatigue testing of direct quenched beams is currently being performed.