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This SAE Recommended Practice applies to the laboratory measurement of rolling resistance of pneumatic passenger car, light truck, and highway truck and bus tires. The procedure applies only to the steady-state operation of free-rolling tires at zero slip and inclination angles; it includes the following three basic methods:

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the determination of passenger car and light truck tire force and moment properties on a belt-type flat surface test machine. It is suitable for accurately determining five tire forces and moments in steady-state under free-rolling conditions as a function of slip angle and normal force which are incrementally changed in a given sequence.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to set up a guide as to body, frame, and wheelhouse clearances required to accommodate tire traction devices (e.g., tire chains), and to provide a means of classifying these devices according to their maximum profile. In addition, it enables the vehicle manufacturer to specify the proper traction devices for each vehicle. This report is intended to apply to passenger cars and light trucks up to 4535 kg (10 001 lb) GVW. This document is not to be construed as approving traction device operation at conditions exceeding manufacturer's specifications, although short periods of such operations may be required for test purposes.

The comfort and fatigue of vehicle passengers is a major engineering consideration. Among the many factors involved are vibratory and auditory disturbances. Tires participate, among other elements of the vehicle, in exciting vibrations and noises. Furthermore, tires also may generate forces leading to lateral drift of the vehicle. This SAE Recommended Practice describes the design requirements for equipment to evaluate some of the characteristic excitations of passenger car and light truck tires which may cause disturbance in vehicles. The kinds of excitations treated result from nonuniformities in the structure of the tire and have their effect when a vehicle bearing the tire travels on a smooth road. This document also describes some broad aspects of the use of the equipment and lists precautionary measures that have arisen out of current experience. The intention underlying these recommendations is to establish a standardized measurement for use by the engineering community.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the determination of tire pull force properties for an uninclined tire (SAE J670e) on a laboratory flat surface tire force and moment machine. It is suitable for accurately determining pull forces and residual aligning moments for passenger and light-truck tires. These properties are important determinants of vehicle trim (See section 2.1.2). They describe steady-state, free-rolling pull effects ascribable to tires. The test method described in this document is suitable for comparative evaluation of tires for research and development purposes. The method is also suitable for modeling when followed carefully.

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to the laboratory measurement of rolling resistance of pneumatic passenger car, light truck, and highway truck and bus tires. The procedure applies only to the steady-state operation of free-rolling tires at zero slip and inclination angles; it includes the following three basic methods:

This terminology aims to encompass all terms and definitions pertaining to the road performance of pneumatic tires designed for over-the-highway use, such as passenger car, light truck, truck and bus, and motorcycle tires. Not included are terms specific to the performance of agricultural, aircraft, industrial, and other off-highway tires. However, many terms contained in this document also apply to non-highway tires.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a test procedure for determining passenger car tire revolutions per mile. It is intended to supplement SAE J678.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a method for testing the speed performance of light truck tires under controlled conditions in the laboratory on a test wheel.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a method for testing the speed performance of passenger car tires under controlled conditions in the laboratory on a test wheel. This procedure applies to “standard load,” “extra load,” and “T-type high-pressure temporary-use spare” passenger tires.

This SAE Standard provides minimum performance requirements and accompanying uniform laboratory test procedures for evaluating certain essential characteristics of new tires and newly retreaded tires intended for use on passenger cars. (The requirements published in this SAE Standard pertain to tire sizes currently used on American passenger cars and popular sizes used on imported passenger cars. For related information on tire sizes not listed, contact SAE Automotive Headquarters, 18121 East Eight Mile Road, East Detroit, Michigan 48021.)

This document establishes best practices to measure vehicle stopping distance on dry or wet asphalt in a straight path of travel intended for the purpose of publishing stopping distance by manufacturers and media organizations for vehicles with original equipment tires. It is recommended that the test method within be adopted for all vehicles less than 4536 kg (10000 pounds) GVWR. This procedure is typically used with initial speeds of 100 km/h and 60 mph, but other speeds may be used. Since tires play a significant role in stopping distance, this procedure covers tire types typically used as original equipment on new vehicles including all-season, summer, and all-terrain tires. This document may serve as a procedural guideline for all tire types, but the surface temperature correction formulas in this procedure were developed using all-season tires and may not be applicable to other tire types.

This SAE Recommended Practice defines the best known techniques for evaluating peak and locked wheel braking traction. It covers an important phase of tire braking traction, namely, the wet or dry pavement straight ahead conditions. However, this is but a small portion of the whole field of tire traction. As test procedures are established for other phases of this complex study, additional supplementary procedures will be written. A discussion of this entire subject is contained in Appendix B to this recommended practice.

The force, torque, and power methods of measurement are all in common use and should yield the same test results. Effects of steering, traction, surface texture, and non-steady-state tire operations are excluded from the recommended practice because they are still in the research stage.

This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to pneumatic Passenger Car “P” Type, Light Truck Metric, and Light Truck High Flotation tires, or similar tires approved by bodies other than Tire & Rim Association. The methodology is applicable within normal operating ranges of vertical load and inflation pressure, and for velocities between 115 km/h and 15 km/h (71 mph and 9 mph) during a relatively short duration event such as a coastdown. This procedure is applicable only to operation in the free-rolling mode at zero slip and camber angle for ambient temperatures between 20 °C and 28 °C (68 °F and 82 °F) and for surfaces with diameters of 1.2 m (48 in) diameter or greater. Details regarding the equipment, tires, and test methods used specifically for validation of this document are included in Appendix A. Two basic measurement methods covered by this document are as follows:

This terminology aims to encompass all terms and definitions pertaining to the road performance of pneumatic tires designed for over-the-highway use, such as passenger car, light truck, truck and bus, and motorcycle tires. Not included are terms specific to the performance of agricultural, aircraft, industrial, and other off-highway tires. However, many terms contained in this document also apply to non-highway tires.

This Recommended Practice describes some basic design requirements and operational procedures associated with equipment for laboratory measurement of tire force and moment properties of the full range of passenger car tires. These properties must be known to establish the tire's contribution to vehicle dynamic performance. Many factors influence laboratory tire force and moment measurements. This Recommended Practice was compiled as a guide for equipment design and test operation so that data from different laboratories can be directly compared and applied to vehicle design and tire selection problems. It is recognized that laboratory measurements define performance in a controlled and idealized situation that may not correspond to conditions encountered in a vehicle's operating environment. Several decades of testing experience in different laboratories indicates, however, that these tests can provide a very useful bench mark for evaluation of tire performance.

This Information Report presents background and rationale for SAE Recommended Practice J1106, Laboratory Testing Machine and Procedures for Measuring the Steady Force and Moment Properties of Passenger Car Tires. The purpose of SAE J1106 is to define standards for equipment design and test procedures so that data from different laboratories can be directly compared. Whereas such standardization is not a requirement for testing associated with tire development, it is necessary in the context of vehicle design and tire selection problems. The basic approach employed in developing SAE J1106 was to consolidate and document existing technology as embodied in equipment and procedures currently employed for routine tire evaluations. Equipment and procedures whose current use is restricted to research applications were not considered. Research experience is discussed in this Information Report, however, to the extent deemed necessary to provide background and rationale for SAE J1106.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a test procedure for determining revolutions per mile for new truck tires.

This document establishes best practices to measure vehicle stopping distance on dry asphalt in a straight path of travel intended for the purpose of publishing stopping distance by manufacturers and media organizations. It is recommended that the test method within be adopted for all vehicles less than 10 000 lb (4536 kg) GVWR. This procedure is typically used with initial speeds of 100 km/h and 60 mph, but other speeds may be used.