Search Results

A modern HD-Diesel engine for construction machines, Liebherr D 934L (120kW) was set-up for a monofuel operation with crude, cold pressed rapeseed oil (ROR)*). The engine was equipped with a supplementary fuel filtration, supplementary engine & fuel heating for cold start and an appropriate fuel temperature control for the engine operation. A special lube oil was applied. After an extensive basic research of emissions including nanoparticles and energy consumption some adaptations of engine setting were performed: modification of the camshaft to eliminate the internal EGR (same valve timing and lift), earlier start of injection (SOI) at high- and full load, application of a combined exhaust gas aftertreatment system DPF+SCR, testing of DPF+SCR according to the VERT quality verification procedure.

Limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters were analysed during several annual research programs of the Swiss Agency of Environment Forests and Landscape (SAEFL, BUWAL)*). Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of several cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers. In the present work detailed investigations of particle emissions of a Peugeot scooter with TSDI (Two Stroke Direct Injection) were performed. The nanoparticulate emissions with different lube oils and fuels were measured by means of SMPS, (CPC) and NanoMet *). Also the particle mass emission (PM) was measured with the same method as for Diesel engines. It can be stated, that the oil and fuel quality have a considerable influence on the particle emissions, which are mainly oil condensates.

Due to increasing concern about health effects of fine and ultra-fine particles (nanoparticles) from combustion engines, the diesel particle filter technology (DPF) *) was extensively introduced to heavy duty and passenger cars in the last years. In this respect, a very important parameter is the irreversible plugging of the DPF with non-combustible ashes. The quality of lubrication oil, especially the ash content has a certain influence on regeneration intervals of diesel particle filters. In the present study, the effects of different lubrication oils on particle mass and nano-particle size distribution were investigated. The test engine was a modern diesel engine without particle filter system. A main goal was to find out, how different lubrication oils influence the particulate emissions and the contribution of oil to total particle emissions. Moreover, first results of a tracing study will be discussed.

1 Analysis of limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters was performed during several research programs of the Swiss Federal Office of Environment Forests and Landscape (FOEFL) - and as a contribution to the European project ARTEMIS *). Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of the European cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers. In the present work detailed investigations of a Peugeot scooter with TSDI (Two Stroke Direct Injection) were performed and the emissions were compared to the other 2-S & 4-S scooters. As nonlimited emissions the nanoparticulate emissions at cold and warm operating conditions were measured by means of SMPS, ELPI and NanoMet *). The measurements were both: at steady state and at transient operating conditions.

1 Analysis of limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters was performed during several research programs of the Swiss Federal Office of Environment Forests and Landscape (FOEFL) - and as a contribution to the European project ARTEMIS*). Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of the European cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers. In the present work detailed investiga-tions of a Peugeot scooter with TSDI (Two Stroke Direct Injection) were per-formed and the emissions were compa-red to the other 2-S & 4-S scooters. As nonlimited emissions the nanopar-ticulate emissions at cold and warm operating conditions were measured by means of SMPS, ELPI and NanoMet*). The measurements were both: at steady state and at transient operating conditions.

Particulate traps are mechanical devices for trapping soot, ash and mineral particles, to curtail emissions from Diesel engines. The filtration effectiveness of traps can be defined, independent of the pertinent engine, as a function of the particle size, space velocity and operating temperature. This method of assessment lowers cost of certifying traps for large-scale retrofitting projects [1,2]. VERT [3] is a joint project of several European environmental and occupational health agencies. The project established a trap-verification protocol that adapts industrial filtration standards [4] to include the influence of soot burden and trap regeneration phenomena. Moreover, it verifies possible catalytic effects from coating substrates and deposited catalytic active material from engine wear or fuel/ lubricant additives.