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This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a high frequency response spindle when a rolling tire impacts a cleat. The cleat is configured either with its crest perpendicular, 90 degrees, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides impact force and moment time histories essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development.

This recommended practice defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will cause discomfort. Informative appendices indicate the current state of knowledge and provide guidance on the possible effects of motion and vibration on discomfort. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. This recommended practice also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. This recommended practice is applicable to light passenger vehicles (e.g., passenger cars and light trucks). This recommended practice is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the buttocks, back and feet of a seated occupant, as well as through the hands of a driver.

This recommended practice defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will cause discomfort. Informative appendices indicate the current state of knowledge and provide guidance on the possible effects of motion and vibration on discomfort. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. This recommended practice also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. This recommended practice is applicable to light passenger vehicles (e.g., passenger cars and light trucks). This recommended practice is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the buttocks, back and feet of a seated occupant, as well as through the hands of a driver.

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes consistent test procedures for determination of steady-state directional control properties for passenger cars and light trucks with two axles. These properties include the steering-wheel angle gradient, reference steer angle gradient, sideslip angle gradient, vehicle roll angle gradient, and steering-wheel torque gradient with respect to lateral acceleration. They also include the yaw velocity gain, lateral acceleration gain, and sideslip angle gain with respect to steering-wheel angle. Additionally, the characteristic or critical speed and the front and rear wheel steer compliances may be determined.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for determining the vertical force and deflection properties of a non-rolling tire and the associated contact patch length and width. The method applies to any tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this Recommended Practice, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes application of two closely related test procedures, which together determine the linear range longitudinal and lateral stiffnesses of a statically loaded non-rotating tire. The procedures apply to any tire so long as the equipment is properly sized to correctly conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this document, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for determining properties of a non-rolling tire quasi-statically enveloping either a set of triangular cleats or a single step cleat. In the case of the triangular cleats the normal force and vertical deflection of the non-rolling tire are determined. In the case of the step cleats the normal force, longitudinal force, and vertical deflection of the non-rolling tire are determined. The method applies to any tire so long as the equipment is properly sized to correctly conduct the measurements for the intended test tire.1 The data are intended for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this document, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a trio of test methods which determine basic tire size (geometry), mass, and moments of inertia. The methods apply to any tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular surfaces paved or unpaved. Within the context of this Recommended Practice, forces applied to the surface on which the tire is operating are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a spindle when a tire rolls over a rectangular obstacle, cleat, at very low speed. The cleat used in a particular test condition is configured with its crest either perpendicular, 90 degrees, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition so as to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides cleat envelopment force and moment and tire angular position histories as functions of distance traveled. These histories are essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a trio of test methods which determine basic tire size (geometry), mass, and moments of inertia. The methods apply to any tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular surfaces paved or unpaved. Within the context of this Recommended Practice, forces applied to the surface on which the tire is operating are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a spindle when a tire rolls over a rectangular obstacle, cleat, at very low speed. The cleat used in a particular test condition is configured with its crest either perpendicular, 90 degrees, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition so as to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides cleat envelopment force and moment and tire angular position histories as functions of distance traveled. These histories are essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for determining properties of a non-rolling tire quasi-statically enveloping either a set of triangular cleats or a single step cleat. In the case of the triangular cleats the normal force and vertical deflection of the non-rolling tire are determined. In the case of the step cleats the normal force, longitudinal force, and vertical deflection of the non-rolling tire are determined. The method applies to any tire so long as the equipment is properly sized to correctly conduct the measurements for the intended test tire.1 The data are intended for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this document, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes test methods for measuring and identifying the natural frequencies for the lower order modes of an inflated radial tire with a fixed spindle while expending modest effort and employing a minimum of test equipment. The methods apply to any size of radial tire so long as the test equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. Two types of boundary conditions are considered for the tire: unloaded and loaded against a flat surface. The test involves the performance and measurement of an input vibratory force (excitation) to the tire and the corresponding vibratory output (response). The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE 1—The focus of this standard is identification and reporting of the lower order natural frequencies of the tire using a simple test procedure.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for determining the vertical force and deflection properties of a non-rolling tire and the associated contact patch length and width. The method applies to any tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this Recommended Practice, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes application of two closely related test procedures, which together determine the linear range longitudinal and lateral stiffnesses of a statically loaded non-rotating tire. The procedures apply to any tire so long as the equipment is properly sized to correctly conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this document, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This recommended practice defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will cause discomfort. Informative appendices indicate the current state of knowledge and provide guidance on the possible effects of motion and vibration on discomfort. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. This recommended practice also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. This recommended practice is applicable to light passenger vehicles (e.g., passenger cars and light trucks). This recommended practice is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the buttocks, back and feet of a seated occupant, as well as through the hands of a driver.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a high frequency response spindle when a rolling tire impacts a cleat. The cleat is configured either with its crest perpendicular, 90°, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition so as to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides impact force and moment time histories essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for determining properties of a non-rolling tire quasi-statically enveloping either a set of triangular cleats or a single step cleat. In the case of the triangular cleats the normal force and vertical deflection of the non-rolling tire are determined. In the case of the step cleats the normal force, longitudinal force, and vertical deflection of the non-rolling tire are determined. The method applies to any tire so long as the equipment is properly sized to correctly conduct the measurements for the intended test tire.1 The data are intended for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular pavements. Within the context of this document, forces applied to the pavement are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a trio of test methods which determine basic tire size (geometry), mass, and moments of inertia. The methods apply to any tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development. NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular surfaces paved or unpaved. Within the context of this Recommended Practice, forces applied to the surface on which the tire is operating are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a spindle when a tire rolls over a rectangular obstacle, cleat, at very low speed. The cleat used in a particular test condition is configured with its crest either perpendicular, 90°, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition so as to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides cleat envelopment force and moment and tire angular position histories as functions of distance traveled. These histories are essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire.