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From SAE International, SAE MobilityRxiv is a free online preprint server and sharing service for English-language preprints in the mobility/transportation field

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Heavy Vehicle Event Data Recorders (HVEDRs) have the ability to capture important data surrounding an event such as a crash or near crash. Efforts by many researchers to analyze the capabilities and performance of these complex systems can be problematic, in part, due to the challenges of obtaining a heavy truck, the necessary space to safely test systems, the inherent unpredictability in testing, and the costs associated with this research. In this paper, a method for simulating vehicle speed sensor (VSS) inputs to HVEDRs to trigger events is introduced and validated. Full-scale instrumented testing is conducted to capture raw VSS signals during steady state and braking conditions. The recorded steady state VSS signals are injected into the HVEDR along with synthesized signals to evaluate the response of the HVEDR. Brake testing VSS signals are similarly captured and injected into the HVEDR to trigger an event record.

Considering the current trend towards the electrification of commercial vehicles, the development of Beam eAxle solutions has become necessary. The utilization of an electric drive unit in heavy-duty solid axle-based commercial vehicles presents unique and demanding challenges. These include the necessity for elevated peak and continuous torque while meeting packaging constraints, structural integrity requirements, and extended service life. One such solution was developed by BorgWarner to address these challenges. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the design and development process undertaken for this Dual Motor Beam eAxle system. This includes the initial comparison of various eAxle solutions, the specifications of components selected for this design, and the initial results from dyno and vehicle development.

Bicycle computers record and store global position data that can be useful for forensic investigations. The goal of this study was to estimate the absolute error of the latitude and longitude positions recorded by a common bicycle computer over a wide range of riding conditions. We installed three Garmin Edge 530 computers on the handlebars of a bicycle and acquired 9 hours of static data and 96 hours (2214 km) of dynamic data using three different navigation modes (GPS, GPS+GLONASS, and GPS+Galileo satellite systems) and two geographic locations (Vancouver, BC, Canada and Orange County, CA, USA). We used the principle of error propagation to calculate the absolute error of this device from the relative errors between the three pairs of computers. During the static tests, we found 16 m to 108 m of drift during the first 4 min and 1.4 m to 5.0 m of drift during a subsequent 8 min period. During the dynamic tests, we found a 95th percentile absolute error for this device of ±8.04 m.

This paper investigates the tire-road interaction for tires equipped with two different solid rubber material definitions within a Finite Element Analysis virtual environment, ESI PAMCRASH. A Mixed Service Drive truck tire sized 315/80R22.5 is designed with two different solid rubber material definitions: a legacy hyperelastic solid Mooney-Rivlin material definition and an Ogden hyperelastic solid material definition. The popular Mooney-Rivlin is a material definition for solid rubber simulation that is not built with element elimination and is not easily applicable to thermal applications. The Ogden hyperelastic material definition for rubber simulations allows for element destruction. Therefore, it is of interest and more suited for designing a tire model with wear and thermal capabilities.

This SAE Standard applies to all forestry machines exposed to the hazard of objects penetrating the front of the operator station (other than the roof). This would include:

The design and analysis of the roll cage for the ATV car are the subjects of this report. The roll cage is one of the key elements of an ATV car. It is the primary component of an ATV, on which the engine, steering, and gearbox are mounted. The vehicle's sprung mass is beneath the roll cage. The initiation of cracks and the deformation of the vehicle are caused by forces acting on it from various directions. Stresses are consequently produced. FEA of the roll cage is used in this paper in an effort to identify these areas. We have performed torsional analysis as well as front, rear, side impact, and rollover crash analyses. These analyses were all completed using ANSYS Workbench 2020 R1. The design process complies with all guidelines outlined in the SAE rule book of E-Baja.

SAE J115 specifies the relevant ISO standards for application to safety labels for use on off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116.

Automotive crash data analysis and reconstruction is vital for ensuring automotive safety. The objective of vehicle crash reconstruction is to determine the vehicle's motion before, during, and after the crash, as well as the impact on occupants in terms of injuries. Simulation approaches, such as PC CrashTM, have been developed to understand pre-crash and post-crash vehicle motion, rather than the crash phase behavior. Over the past few decades, crash phase simulations have utilized vehicle finite element models. While multibody simulation tools are suitable for crash simulations, they often require detailed crash test data to accurately capture vehicle behavior, which is not always readily available. This paper proposes a solution to this limitation by incorporating crash test data from databases, such as NHTSA, Global NCAP, consumer rating reports, and videos, along with a multibody-based approach, to conduct crash phase simulations.

The design of brake system specification is an iterative process, where repeated calculations need to be performed to achieve the target brake performance and finalize the system parameters. Hence there is a need for a methodology to arrive at a set of optimized brake system parameters which can in turn reduce the brake system definition time. In this paper, the brake system dynamics of a passenger/commercial vehicle is mathematically modelled (divided into two parts i) foundation brake model ii) brake apply system model) and uses genetic algorithm to optimize the system parameters. The objective function maximizes the vehicle deceleration and arrives at the target brake feel which includes brake pedal effort and brake pedal travel. When compared to conventional method of brake design which uses iterative approach, this method has the capability to arrive at the optimized results at a faster rate.

Created to elevate expertise in testing, verification, and validation with industry-specific terminology, readers are empowered to navigate the complex world of quality assurance. From foundational concepts to advanced principles, each entry provides clarity and depth, ensuring the reader becomes well-versed in the language of precision. This dictionary is an indispensable companion for both professionals and students seeking to unravel the nuances of testing methodologies, verification techniques, and validation processes. Readers will be equipped with the tools to communicate effectively, make informed decisions, and excel in projects. In addition, references to SAE Standards are included to direct the reader to additional information beyond a practical definition.

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to excavators and backhoe loaders, as defined in ISO 6165.

This document is intended to supplement the SAE J1939 documents by offering the SAE J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and search for easier use.

An optically accessible hydrogen-fueled, heavy-duty engine was used to investigate the impact of mixture formation on the early flame kernel propagation and the resulting combustion cyclic variability. Direct injection from a centrally mounted medium-pressure outward-opening hollow-cone injector created a fuel- air mixture with a global equivalence ratio of 0.33. The engine was operated at 1200 RPM with dry air at an intake pressure and temperature of 1.0 bar and 305 K, respectively. The charge was ignited at three different locations using focused-laser ignition to allow for undisturbed flame evolution, and the fuel injection timing and injection pressure were varied to influence the mixture inhomogeneity.

This document is intended to supplement the SAE J1939 documents by offering the SAE J1939 information in a form that can be sorted and search for easier use.