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Standard

Unique Wheel and Brake Designs

2022-09-08
CURRENT
AIR5388
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document unique design approaches used for aircraft wheels and brakes.
Standard

Maintainability Recommendations for Aircraft Wheel and Hydraulically Actuated Brake Design

2022-07-13
WIP
ARP813D

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as, cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be weighed before the incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.

Standard

Assessment of Aircraft Wheel Sealing Systems

2020-09-17
CURRENT
ARP5146
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to provide guidance on verifying the integrity of inflation pressure sealing systems of aircraft wheel/tire assemblies.
Standard

Maintainability Recommendations for Aircraft Wheel and Hydraulically Actuated Brake Design

2019-02-15
CURRENT
ARP813C
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as, cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be weighed before the incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.
Standard

Overpressurization Release Devices

2018-06-21
CURRENT
ARP1322C
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies the minimum design and qualification test recommendations for aircraft wheel overpressurization release devices used with tubeless aircraft tires to protect from possible explosive failure of the contained inflation chamber due to overinflation. Devices of this type provide a means, but not the only means, for showing compliance to Subsection 25.731(d) of Part 25 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Devices of this type will not protect against flash fire explosive conditions within the inflation chamber which may occur due to extremely overheated brakes or spontaneous combustion caused by a foreign substance within the inflation chamber. To help protect against this condition, nitrogen (N2) or other inert gas should be used for inflation.
Standard

Use of Structural Carbon Heat Sink Brakes on Aircraft

2016-11-15
CURRENT
AIR1934A
The purpose of this document is to relate areas where carbon brake technology may differ from traditional steel brake technology in design and performance. Carbon brakes have been used on military aircraft for many years and are now frequently used on newly commercial developed aircraft. This document presents some of the lessons learned.
Standard

Replacement and Modified Brakes and Wheels

2016-10-21
CURRENT
ARP1619B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended planning and substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety of the originally certified aircraft, and performance and aircraft compatibility are appropriately addressed in aircraft documentation. Successful demonstration also requires that failure modes be identified and mitigation provided for each. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as approval of an alternate supplier.
Standard

Carbon Brake Contamination and Oxidation

2016-04-12
CURRENT
AIR5490A
This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide information on industry practices for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.
Standard

Overpressurization Release Devices

2014-08-20
HISTORICAL
ARP1322B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies the minimum design and test recommendations for aircraft wheel overpressurization release devices used with tubeless aircraft tires to protect from possible explosive failure of the contained air chamber due to overinflation. Devices of this type provide a means, but not the only means, for showing compliance to Subsection 25.731(d) of Part 25 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Devices of this type will not protect against flash fire explosive conditions within the air chamber which may occur due to extremely overheated brakes. To help protect against this condition, nitrogen or other inert gas should be used for inflation.
Standard

Information on Brake-By-Wire (BBW) Brake Control Systems

2013-04-22
HISTORICAL
AIR5372
A panel of the SAE A-5A Committee prepared this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR). The document describes the design approaches used for current applications of Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems that are used on commercial and military airplanes. The document also discusses the experience gained during service in the commercial and military environments, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The treatment includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on systems that use the electro-hydraulic method of control. The overall range of implementations is briefly described in 2.3. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe the electro-hydraulic method in detail.
Standard

Skid Control System Vibration Survey

2012-09-05
CURRENT
AIR764D
This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.
Standard

Minimum Performance Recommendations for Part 23, 27, and 29 Aircraft Wheels, Brakes, and Wheel and Brake Assemblies

2012-07-19
CURRENT
ARP5381A
This Minimum Performance Document defines the testing required for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on civil aircraft certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this document is recommended to assure that the equipment supplied will meet the intended design function when installed on aircraft. Compliance with this document does not constitute authorization for installation on an aircraft. The combined recommendations of this document provide an acceptable practice, but not the only practice, for obtaining authorization to apply TSO markings on the equipment.
Standard

Minimum Performance Requirements for Transport Airplane Wheel and Brake Assemblies Using Electric Power Actuation

2012-07-11
CURRENT
AS5663A
In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.
Standard

Replacement and Modified Brakes and Wheels

2012-05-16
HISTORICAL
ARP1619A
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety, performance, and airplane compatibility of the originally certified commercial and military aircraft. Successful demonstration also includes confirmation that no adverse failure modes are introduced. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as certification of an alternate supplier.
Standard

Carbon Brake Contamination

2012-05-09
HISTORICAL
AIR5490
This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide recommendations for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.
Standard

Minimum Performance Requirements for Transport Airplane Wheel and Brake Assemblies Using Electric Power Actuation

2012-05-09
HISTORICAL
AS5663
In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.
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