Electric and hybrid vehicle engineers and designers are faced with the important issue of how to adequately configure required powertrain system components to achieve needed performance, occupant accommodation, and operational objectives. This course enables participants to fully comprehend vehicle architectural/configurational design requirements to enable efficient structural design, effective packaging of required components, and efficient vehicle performance for shared and autonomous operation. The importance of integrating these design requirements with specific vehicle user needs and expectations will be emphasized.
This title includes the technical papers developed for the 2023 Stapp Car Crash Conference, the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection. The conference provides an opportunity to participate in open discussion about the causes and mechanisms of injury, experimental methods and tools for use in impact biomechanics research, and the development of new concepts for reducing injuries and fatalities in automobile crashes.
This course explores the design and performance of battery technologies used in today’s battery-electric vehicles. It focuses on the skills required to define a battery pack design, how battery packs are manufactured, and tests required before entering the market. Participants will leave the course equipped with tools to understand vehicle battery specifications and be able to extract the useful information from the large volume of electric vehicle content published daily. It also defines and analyzes fundamentals of battery operation and performance requirements for HEV, PHEV, EREV and full electric vehicle applications.
This course will introduce participants to the risks encountered in handling high voltage battery systems and their component parts. With the understanding of these risks, the course will then address how to raise risk awareness and then methods of dealing with those risks. The outcome of this course should be improved avoidance of personal injury, reduced risk of reputation loss, product liability actions and reduced risk of loss of property and time. Participants will have an opportunity to participate in a real world battery handling case study scenario in which they will identify solutions for potential risk situations.
The global transportation industry is mandated to deliver significant reductions in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions within the upcoming decades. The road freight sector in particular faces formidable challenges in terms of emission reduction, while maintaining/improving the performance of the current vehicles. In Europe this transition is being driven in part by specific CO2 legislation for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) and penalties for Original Equipment Manufacturers who miss these targets, while in the US these ambitions have been embedded within the EPA regulations. Europe currently has targets for CO2 reduction of 15% by 2025 and 30% by 2030 for new HDVs, likely increasing to 45% by 2030 and 90% by 2040. These targets have been set relative to the fleet average for the industry by truck category and are evaluated using the Vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation Tool (VECTO) to determine CO2 emissions for each unique vehicle configuration.
A major issue of battery electric vehicles (BEV) is optimizing driving range and energy consumption. Under actual driving, transient thermal and electrical performance changes could deteriorate the battery cells and pack. These performances can be investigated and controlled efficiently with a thermal management system (TMS) via model-based development. A complete battery pack contains multiple cells, bricks, and modules with numerous coolant pipes and flow channels. However, such an early modeling stage requires detailed cell geometry and specifications to estimate the thermal and electrochemical energies of the cell, module, and pack. To capture the dynamic performance changes of the LIB pack under real driving cycles, the thermal energy flow between the pack and its TMS must be well predicted. This study presents a BTMS model development and validation method for a 75-kWh battery pack used in mass-production, mid-size battery SUV under WLTC.
The research on the automotive field is focusing in the last years on finding ways for making green mobility available and generating more efficient vehicles. For doing so, the use of an electric motor (EM) seems to be the most suitable solution, because of its high relative efficiency, but also for neglecting the local emissions generated by the Internal combustion engines (ICE). Multiple alternatives have been taken into consideration for supplying the EM with the needed electric energy. Traditional energy storage systems, like Li-Ion batteries, need to be composed by a significant number of cells, for ensuring enough energy storage to reach a working range compatible to the one of traditional ICEs vehicles. For this reason, the paper describes the development of an energetic model to define a hybrid fuel cell – electric vehicle for the performance analysis and the powertrain optimization.
Vehicle powertrain electrification is considered one of the main measures adopted by vehicle manufacturers to achieve the CO2 emissions targets. Although the development of vehicles with hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrains is based on existing platforms, the complexity of the system is significantly increased. As a result, the demands of testing during the development and calibration stages is getting significantly higher. To compensate that, high-fidelity simulation models are used as a cost-effective solution. This paper aims to present the methodology followed for the development of a rule-based energy management controller for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and to describe the experimental campaign carried out with this passenger car. The controller is implemented in a vehicle simulation model that is parametrized to replicate the operation of the vehicle.
Many research centers and companies in general aviation have been devoting efforts to the electrification of propulsive plants to reduce environmental impact and/or increase safety. Even if the final goal is the elimination of fossil fuels, the limitations of today's battery in terms of energy and power densities suggest the adoption of hybrid-electric solutions that combine the advantages of conventional and electric propulsive systems, namely reduced fuel consumption, high peak power, and increased safety deriving from redundancy. Today, lithium batteries are the best commercial option for the electrification of all means of transportation. However, lithium batteries are a family of technologies that presents a variety of specifications in terms of gravimetric and volumetric energy density, discharge and charge currents, safety, and cost.
The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of a sustainable fuel composed of ethanol and lignin for marine engines. Lignin is the second most abundant biomass after cellulose, produced i.e. from the pulp-and-paper industries. Lignin has a higher heating value (HHV) of 23.2 – 25.6 MJ/kg but is difficult to exploit efficiently because it is a stable solid material and often ends up as waste. combining lignin and alcohol to a liquid fuel has a huge interest, and is mainly for marine engines as they are designed to tolerate a wide range of fuels. In this study, lignin-fuel with 44 wt% lignin and 50 wt% of ethanol was experimentally evaluated by using an extensively modified small-bore compression ignition (CI) engine. The technical challenges and approach to applying this kind of lignin-fuel to engines are presented.