This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers forced air technology including: reference material, equipment, safety, operation, and methodology. This resource document is intended to provide information and minimum safety guidelines regarding use of forced air or forced air/fluid equipment to remove frozen contaminants. During the effective period of this document, relevant sections herein should be considered and included in all/any relevant SAE documents.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the standards on telemetry data retrieval on ground support equipment (GSE), focusing on wiring requirements, connectors, signal definitions and communication protocols applicable in the industry.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is broken into various categories for convenience and ease of identification. It is the purpose of this document to provide certain criteria for the design and selection of stairways, for the boarding of passengers onto an aircraft. The criteria presented are limited to those factors which affect the safety of the passengers and are coordinated, where applicable, with the practices of the architectural profession, with respect to the design of stairways. Comprehensive design requirements for passenger stairs can be found in the industry documents listed under 2.1.3, 2.1.4, and 2.1.5 hereafter. The recommended practices are applicable to both mobile variable-elevation type stairways and to fixed-elevation stairways of the type built into an aircraft fuselage.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the following major areas: 1. major components and their ratings; 2. selection criteria for optimum design balance for electrical systems; 3. effects of operating conditions and environment on both maintenance and life of components; 4. trouble signals - their diagnosis and cure.
The tow vehicle should be designed for towbarless movement of aircraft on the ground. The design will ensure that the unit will safely secure the aircraft nose landing gear within the coupling system for any operational mode.
This SAE aerospace recommended practice (ARP) covers the requirements for external ground power equipment supplying 115/200 V, three-phase, 400 HZ output power measured at the aircraft receptacle. All forms of 400 Hz ground power including mobile and fixed systems are addressed by this document.
This document provides information and guidance material to assist in assessing the need for and feasibility of developing deicing facilities, the planning (size and location) and design of deicing facilities, and assessing environmental considerations and operational considerations associated with de-icing facilities. The document presents relevant information necessary to define the need for a deicing facility and factors influencing its size, location, and operation. The determination of the need for deicing facilities rests with Airports. Although this document intends to provide information to airport operator and deicing facility planner/designer, all stakeholders, including deicing service providers, should be involved in the development process.
Transporting baggage is critical in airport ground support services to ensure smooth flight operations. However, the scheduling of baggage transport vehicles faces challenges related to low efficiency and high costs. A multi-objective optimization vehicle scheduling model is proposed to address these issues, considering time and space costs, vehicle utilization, and passenger waiting time. An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) based on the large-scale neighborhood search algorithm is proposed to solve this model. The simulation experiment is conducted using actual flight data from an international airport. The IGA algorithm is compared with the standard genetic algorithm (SGA) based on experimental results, revealing that the former achieves convergence in a significantly shorter time. Moreover, the scheduling paths of baggage cars that violate flight service time window requirements are significantly lower in the final scheduling scheme under the IGA algorithm than in SGA.
The foundation specification (AMS1428) and the category specifications (AMS1428/1 and AMS1428/2) cover deicing/anti-icing materials in the form of a fluid.
This ARP describes methods that are known to have been used by aircraft manufacturers to evaluate aircraft aerodynamic performance and handling effects following application of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing fluids (“fluids”), as well as methods under development. Guidance and insight based upon those experiences are provided, including: Similarity analyses. Icing wind tunnel tests. Flight tests. CFD and other numerical analyses. This ARP also describes: The history of evaluation of the aerodynamic effects of fluids. The effects of fluids on aircraft aerodynamics. The testing for aerodynamic acceptability of fluids for SAE and regulatory qualification performed in accordance with AS5900.
OEM Limitations on skin pressures and temperatures and the relationship between those requirements and aircraft ground deicing equipment. Testing and results relating to these requirements.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) identifies and summarizes the various factors that must be considered and evaluated by the design or specifying engineer in establishing the specifications and design characteristics of battery-powered aircraft tow tractors. This AIR is presented in two parts. The first part is simply a summarization of design factors that must be considered in establishing vehicle specifications and design characteristics. The second part refers particularly to the performance characteristics of an aircraft tow tractor. Some definitions, formulas, data, and an example are provided mainly for assisting the specifying engineers of potential buyers and users of aircraft tow tractors in the evaluation and comparison of their requirements with the performance capabilities of the various tow tractors offered by the tow tractor manufacturers.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the dimensional and operational requirements for pallet extension devices. It provides support for items of cargo beyond either the short or the long sides of a pallet, allowing increased volume to be achieved in conjunction with pallets meeting the requirements of AS1491 plus additional pallet sizes usable with extensions.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes standard phraseology for the communication procedures during aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing operations.NOTE: The minimum requirements to accomplish an aircraft deicing/anti-icing operation are specified in AS6285.Clear concise standard phraseology between the groundcrew and flightcrew is an important part of the deicing/anti-icing process. It plays a key role in the overall safety of the deicing program. Historically, flightcrew and groundcrew have had to deal with differing communication scripts at multiple airport locations. This has led to unsafe situations, including aircraft moving before the deicing process has been fully completed.