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RAMBHA-LP (Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere - Langmuir Probe) is one of the key scientific payloads onboard the Indian Space Research Organization’s (ISRO) Chandrayaan-3 mission. Its objectives were to estimate the plasma density and its variations on the near lunar surface. The probe was initially kept in a stowed condition attached to the lander. A mechanism was designed and realized to meet the functional requirement of deploying the probe at a distance of 1 meter, equivalent to the Debye length of the probe in the moon’s plasma environment. The probe deployment mechanism consists of the Titanium alloy spherical probe with a Titanium Nitride coating on its surface to achieve a constant work function, a long carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer boom, a double torsion spring, a dust-protection box, and a shape-memory alloy-based Frangibolt actuator for low-shock separation. The entire mechanism weighed less than 1.5 kilograms.

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the demands for lithium-ion batteries and advanced battery technologies are growing. Today, lithium-ion batteries mainly use liquid electrolytes, containing organic compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate as solvents for the lithium salts. However, when thermal runaway occurs, the electrolyte decomposes, venting combustible gases that could readily be ignited when mixed with air and leading to pronounced heat release from the combustion of the mixture. So far, the chemical behavior of electrolytes during thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries is not comprehensively understood. Well-validated compact chemical kinetic mechanisms of the electrolyte components are required to describe this process in CFD simulations. In this work, submechanisms of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate were developed and adopted in the Ansys Model Fuel Library (MFL).

This paper presents a numerical methodology to generate lookup tables that provide d- and q-axis stator current references for the control of electric motors. The main novelty with respect to other literature references is the introduction of the iron power losses in the equivalent-circuit electric motor model implemented in the optimization routine. The lookup tables generation algorithm discretizes the motor operating domain and, given proper constraints on maximum stator current and magnetic flux, solves a numerical optimization problem for each possible operating point to determine the combination of d- and q- axis stator currents that minimizes the imposed objective function while generating the desired torque. To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed approach, two different variants of this numerical interpretation of the motor control problem are proposed: Maximum Torque Per Ampere and Minimum Electromagnetic Power Loss.

Engine operation produces particles that contaminate the lubricating oil and can damage the engine's internal components. This paper presents a model for a three-coil inductive metal particle sensor and verifies the rationality and accuracy of the model by simulating the motion of a single spherical iron particle passing through the sensor. On this basis, the simulation of coupling double particles with different sizes, distances, and shapes is carried out. The study explores the influence of particle motion on the sensor-induced signal under various conditions. The research shows that when two particles pass through the sensor, the induced voltage signal will produce superposition when the distance between the two particles is small. The peak value of the induced voltage is 1-2 times the peak value of the induced voltage of a single particle. As the distance increases, the peak value of the induced voltage initially decreases, then slowly increases, and finally stabilizes.

Options for CNVII emission legislation are being widely investigated in a national program organized by China Vehicle Emission Control Center (VECC) since early 2020. It is foreseen that this possibly last legislation in China will have more stringent emission requirements compared to CNVI, including among other changes especially a further reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx), inclusion of nitrous oxide (N2O) and sub-23 nm particle number (PN). This study investigates the technical feasibility to fulfill a CNVII emission legislation scenario, based on a modified CNVI 8 L engine operating under both cold and hot World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) and Low Load Cycle (LLC).

This specification covers a nickel in the form of round wire and rectangular ribbon.

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, flash-welded rings 4.000 inches (101.60 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides and 16 square inches (103 cm2) and under in cross-sectional area, and stock of any size for flash-welded rings (see 8.7).

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 0.020 inch (0.50 mm) through 2.10 inches (53.3 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5).

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, flash-welded rings up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, in diameter or least distance between parallel sides, and stock for flash-welded rings or heading of any size (see 8.6).

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate 0.025 to 3.000 inches (0.64 to 76.20 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6).

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, flash-welded rings, and stock for forging or flash-welded rings.

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash-welded rings, and stock for forgings or flash-welded rings up through 6.000 inches (152.40 mm) in nominal diameter or distance between parallel sides (see 8.6).

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.063 to 0.236 inch (1.60 to 6.00 mm), incl, in thickness, clad on both sides (see 8.4).

This specification covers electrical iron in the form of bar, sheet, strip, and plate.

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors, for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and borates of glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive.