Polyurethane foams (PUF) are a class of cellular polymers with a large range of applications. It is possible to control some properties of PUF by adjusting some chemicals, aiming to reach the best performance with lower cost, weight and process easiest. On the same way, graphene and its derivatives may be used for the modification of PUF, aiming to improve many properties. Depending on the dispersion technique, increases in mechanical, dynamical mechanical, thermal and acoustical properties may be reached, even when a low content of the nanomaterial is employed. This brief review presents some techniques used for the dispersion and incorporation of graphene and its derivatives into PUF, focusing on the enhancement of acoustical applications. Some techniques such as mechanical stirring, sonication and layer-by-layer are presented. It was observed that depending on the techniques, a real and significant difference was observed in some properties, mainly in acoustical
With the recent development of electric vehicles, the demands of Lithium-ion batteries and advanced battery technologies are growing. Today, Lithium-ion batteries mainly use liquid electrolyte, which contains organic compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate as solvents for the Lithium salts. Thermal runaway is a complex process which can involve electrolyte decomposition and subsequent venting of combustible gases that could be readily ignited when mixed with air, leading to pronounced heat release from the combustion of the mixture. The chemical behavior of electrolyte during thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries is a critical process and needs to be part of thermal runaway modeling. Well validated, small size chemical kinetic mechanisms of the electrolyte components are required to describe this process in CFD simulations. In this work, sub-mechanisms of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate were developed and adopted in Ansys Model Fuel Library (MFL).
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.063 to 0.236 inch (1.60 to 6.00 mm), incl, in thickness, clad on both sides (see 8.4).
This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors, for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).
This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and borates of glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).
Composites of polymers reinforced with synthetic/natural fibers are mainly used in engineering sectors such as automobiles, aerospace, and in household appliances due to their abrasion resistance, high toughness, strength, and high specific modulus. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of fiber-matrix interfaces and interface mechanism that leads to enhanced properties. This article investigates how natural/synthetic fibers, mineral based-materials and additional allotropic materials work rapidly and effectively across interfaces.
Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) made of the aluminium as base metal is now being used in diversed applications due to its extended properties. The physical, chemical, mechanical and structural properties make it as irresistible in the engineering applications. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) based on aluminium have increased in popular in various applications including aerospace, car, space, transportation, and undersea applications.. In this study, Al LM25/SiCp MMC was fabricated using a low-cost stir casting technique, and the weight percentage of SiCp was varied from 4% to 8% to prepare the MMC plates. The aim of the research was to investigate the mechanical properties of the specimen, including hardness, tensile, and impact tests. The microstructure of the specimens is investigated which shows the bonding between the particles which is fabricated by Stir casting method. The sample 2 has better mechanical properties when it is compared with other specimens.
In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division, in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower cast or heat analysis ranges plus certain product analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels. For years the variety of chemical compositions of steel has been a matter of concern in the steel industry. It was recognized that production of fewer grades of steel could result in improved deliveries and provide a better opportunity to achieve advances in technology, manufacturing practices, and quality, and thus develop more fully the possibilities of application inherent in those grades.
In the quest for sustainable materials for automotive interior trim, jute fiber is gaining traction due to its characteristics, which align with other renowned natural fibers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for jute fibers in comparison to conventional alkaline treatments. Both treated and untreated fibers were examined. Results showed that alkali-processed fibers demonstrated enhanced crystallization, thermal resistance, and surface quality relative to untreated ones. Specifically, alkali-treated jute fibers exhibited a degradation onset at 261.23°C, while those treated with sodium bicarbonate began degrading at 246.32°C. Untreated fibers had a degradation onset at 239.25°C. Although both treatments improved the thermal stability of the fiber, sodium bicarbonate processing, while beneficial, was slightly less effective than the traditional alkaline method.
Corrosion affects all industrial sectors where metals or metal alloys are used in their structures. In the automotive industry, the continuous search for lightweight parts has increased the demand for effective corrosion protection, in order to improve vehicle performance without compromising durability and safety. In this scenario, coatings are essential elements to preserve and protect vehicle parts from various environmental aggressions. Automotive coatings can be classified into primers, topcoats, clearcoats, and specialty coatings. Primers provide corrosion resistance and promote adhesion between the substrate and topcoat. Topcoats provide color, gloss, and durability to the coating system, while clearcoats enhance the appearance and durability of the finish. Specialty coatings provide additional properties, such as scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and UV protection.
Rubber is one of the most used materials currently selected to produce automotive parts, but, for specific applications, some improvement is required in its properties through the addition of some components to the rubber compound formulation. Because of that, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties are enhanced in order to meet strict requirements of the vast range of application of the rubber compounds. In addition to improving material properties, the combination of different substances, also aims to improve processability and reduce the costs of the final product. Recently, the use of nanofillers has been very explored because of their distinctive properties and characteristics. Among the nanofillers under study, graphene is known for its high-barrier property, thermal and electrical conductivities, and good mechanical properties.
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.010 to 0.249 inch (0.25 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness, clad on two sides (see 8.5).
The foundation specification (AMS1424) and the category specifications (AMS1424/1 and AMS1424/2) cover deicing/anti-icing materials in the form of a fluid.
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die and hand forgings 6.000 inches (152.00 mm) and under in nominal thickness at time of heat treatment (see 8.6).