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Mechanisms of NH₃ generation using LNT-like catalysts have been studied in a bench reactor over a wide range of temperatures, flow rates, reformer catalyst types and synthetic exhaust-gas compositions. The experiments showed that the on board production of sufficient quantities of ammonia on board for SCR operation appeared feasible, and the results identified the range of conditions for the efficient generation of ammonia. In addition, the effects of reformer catalysts using the water-gas-shift reaction as an in-situ source of the required hydrogen for the reactions are also illustrated. Computations of the NH₃ and NOx kinetics have also been carried out and are presented. Design and impregnation of the SCR catalyst in proximity to the ammonia source is the next logical step. A heated synthetic-exhaust gas flow bench was used for the experiments under carefully controlled simulated exhaust compositions.

In this study, we combined operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) method with CAE technique to obtain high contributing vibration modes. A rear frame model of a small construction machine was employed for the analysis. 20 vibration modes were obtained by CAE (eigenmode analysis) under 200 Hz. Subsequently, operational test, in which a sinusoidal input force was given, was carried out. For applying OTPA, acceleration signals at 15 points on the rear frame were used as the reference signals and the cab vibration positioned on the frame via rubber bushes was used as the response signal. These acceleration signals were then measured simultaneously in the operational condition. As the result of OTPA, high contributing principal component modes were calculated and high contributing vibration modes were also extracted using mode shape correlation between them. Two in the 20 calculated vibration modes remained as the important modes to the cab vibration through the analyses.

KOMATSU achieved the first practical application in the world of the nodular cast iron piston to high speed four stroke diesel engines with a bore of 125mm, and since then this application has expanded to larger engines. In order to improve the casting quality and productivity we also developed the permanent mold casting process for the nodular cast iron pistons. In this paper, aims in the development of the nodular cast iron pistons and its design features and casting technology are presented.

THIS paper reports the latest investigation of the relative merits of loop scavenging versus through scavenging. The authors hope that the conditions of the work permitted an objective evaluation of the two types of engines. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. With symmetrical timing, neither cylinder shows significant advantage in trapping efficiency. 2. With symmetrical timing, the best ratio of exhaust-port to inlet-port effective area seems to be about 0.6. 3. Unsymmetrical timing is an effective method of improving trapping efficiency. 4. The value of net indicated fuel economy shows no significant difference between the two cylinders. The authors point out that because the areas were equal it is unlikely that the optimum port design of each type was used in comparing the cylinders. If optimum porting had been used, the two types might have shown more difference.