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Energy management is one of the key challenges for the development of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) due to its complex powertrain structure. Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation provides an open software architecture which enables rapid prototyping HEV energy management system. This paper presents the investigation of the energy management system for a single shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle using dSPACE eDrive HIL system. The parallel hybrid electric vehicle, energy management system, and low-level Electronic Control Unit (ECU) were modeled using dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models and dSPACE blocksets. Vehicle energy management is achieved by a vehicle-level controller called hybrid ECU, which controls vehicle operation mode and torque distribution among Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and electric motor. The individual powertrain components such as ICE, electric motor, and transmission are controlled by low-level ECUs.

Today's vehicles use electronic control units to control engine/transmission, body and other amenities. These electronic control units are integrated into a computer network generally known as multiplexing system. There are a number of protocols, recommended practices available from SAE, ISO and other organizations for implementing the multiplexing system. This paper will provide an overview of various protocols, recommended practices available for in-vehicle networks. It provides a comparison of the physical layer of various protocols.