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Driven in part by concerns regarding global warming, there is a clear trend toward increased sales of light duty diesel vehicles in many parts of the world. This trend can result in many positive environmental benefits including low fuel consumption, and therefore low levels of CO2, low levels of exhaust CO and HC (especially during cold start conditions), and very low levels of evaporative hydrocarbons. However, increased diesel sales have a downside, relatively high NOx and particulate emissions. These pollutants continue to receive high priority attention in most areas of the world. As a result, countries around the world are increasingly tightening diesel regulations with the result that technology for reducing emissions continues to advance. Engine and combustion improvements have substantially reduced NOx and particulate from modern engines.

This paper examines one aspect of the in-use compliance program - recall. It reviews the existing program and its evolution, evaluates a variety of the modifications which have been suggested and proposes some specific changes which would retain the overall goals while resulting in some increased flexibility and therefore some potential cost savings compared to the existing program.

The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize recent trends around the world regarding diesel vehicles, the health effects associated with diesel particulate, and the actions taken by governments to reduce these emissions. Further, the paper will summarize manufacturer efforts to develop control technologies for diesel particulate.

The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize recent trends around the world regarding motor vehicle pollution control. It shows the persistence of and in some cases worsening of motor vehicle related pollution problems, the increasing spread of advanced pollution control technologies including catalytic converters to address these problems, and the push to extend the capability of these advanced technologies to attain even lower pollution levels under a greater variety of actual operating conditions. As the global vehicle population continues to grow, the impact on global warming is assessed.

Motor vehicles already play a significant role in the climate modification problem and have the potential to play an even greater role in the future. The vast majority of the world's vehicles are concentrated in the highly industrialized areas of Western Europe and North America, but an increasing proportion are being produced in the Asia Pacific region and a large and growing proportion of them remain in that area. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the environmental implications of the current vehicle fleet and its likely future directions. An overall policy will be proposed to address both local and global environmental concerns

This is the latest in a series of papers on the subject of the costs and benefits of diesel particulate control. The initial focus was on new light duty vehicles with a gradual shift to heavy trucks and buses. This latest study considers in-use urban buses and explores the relative costs and benefits of three alternative control strategies - retrofit of trap oxidizers, introduction of inspection and maintenance and conversion to methanol fuel. It concludes that retrofit is very cost beneficial and could be made more so by the addition of I/M. Conversion to methanol results in the maximum particulate reduction but is not as cost beneficial for the particulate reduced as is retrofit.

This paper will review the potential need for and environmental gains from the use of alternative fuels in vehicles to address urban air pollution. Then the global warming problem and the role of motor vehicles presently and in the future will be assessed. Finally, the positive and negative consequences of alternative fuels from this perspective will be analyzed. In summary, this paper will show that while there are potentially significant concerns, if appropriate government policies are adopted alternative fuels have the potential to substantially improve both local and global environmental problems and should be a key element of both strategies.

Most of the major industrialized areas of the world have been experiencing serious motor vehicle pollution problems over the last decade. The motor vehicle pollution control programs which have have been developed to deal with the effects have led to tremendous advances in gasoline car control technologies. Similar technologies are under intensive development for diesel cars and trucks. Several developing countries are now experiencing similar air pollution problems. This paper surveys the most recent data regarding adverse environmental impacts resulting from motor vehicles, reviews technologies developed to address these problems, and summarizes the current status around the world.

Emission control legislation has been adopted by many countries around the world. Increasingly, countries are choosing “environmentally friendly” motor vehicles. The purpose of this study is to review the basis for environmental concern with motor vehicles, to summarize the status of control programs and to assess the advantages of harmonizing the individual pollution control programs which are being developed.