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Landing Gear Based Weight and Balance Systems

2019-04-18
WIP
AIR6941
This document outlines historical systems which have used the landing gear as a sensor or installation point for full aircraft weight and balance systems. A number of systems have been developed, installed, certified, and placed in service but few systems remain in regular use. The document will capture the history of these systems, reasons (where known) for their withdrawal from service, and lessons learned.
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Runway Condition Monitoring Systems

2022-04-13
WIP
AIR6697
This report will document Runway Condition Monitoring systems that provide information intended to reduce or eliminate aircraft runway excursions or overruns that may occur as a result of poor runway conditions.
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Rotorcraft: Application of Existing Aircraft Designed Tires, Wheels and Brakes

2021-04-23
CURRENT
ARP5632
This document covers recommendations for the application of existing qualified and approved in-service fixed wing aircraft tires, wheels and brakes to military and commercial rotorcraft. NOTE: This document does not address the use of radial tires due to insufficient data to support their approved use on rotorcraft, see paragraph 4.3.14 for specific impact on ground resonance.
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SKID CONTROL PERFORMANCE

1991-10-31
HISTORICAL
ARP862A
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommended methods for measuring performance of skid control systems. It includes test items and equipment.
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RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF STATIC MECHANICAL STIFFNESS PROPERTIES OF AIRCRAFT TIRES

1997-01-01
HISTORICAL
AIR1380A
The static mechanical stiffness properties of aircraft tires are fundamental to any computation of wheel and landing gear shimmy characteristics, and are important guides in anti-skid system and aircraft wheel design. While the mechanical stiffness properties of aircraft tires are frequency sensitive, the static or low frequency values are important because they are the ones most easily obtained by laboratory testing and are most commonly found in literature. The following recommended methods for measurement of such properties are believed to represent practices which will give reliable and repeatable measurements, either at one facility or among different facilities, using equipment which is commonly available in most tire testing installations.
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Recommended Practice for Measurement of Static Mechanical Stiffness Properties of Aircraft Tires

2002-02-28
CURRENT
AIR1380B
The static mechanical stiffness properties of aircraft tires are fundamental to any computation of wheel and landing gear shimmy characteristics, and are important guides in anti-skid system and aircraft wheel design. While the mechanical stiffness properties of aircraft tires are frequency sensitive, the static or low frequency values are important because they are the ones most easily obtained by laboratory testing and are most commonly found in literature. The following recommended methods for measurement of such properties are believed to represent practices which will give reliable and repeatable measurements, either at one facility or among different facilities, using equipment which is commonly available in most tire testing installations.
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Effects of Extremely Cold Temperature on Landing Gear Operation

2022-03-29
CURRENT
AIR6411
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on landing gear operation in cold temperature environments. It covers all operational aspects during ground handling, takeoff, and landing. It includes effects on tires, brakes, shock struts, seals, and actuators.
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Steering Effect of Tilted, Free-Swiveling Nose Gears

2017-05-04
HISTORICAL
AIR4358
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the origin of cornering forces generated by tilted, free-swiveling nose gears; the effect of various landing gear parameters on the measured cornering forces; and a method of towing aircraft to measure the resulting steering forces.
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Steering Effect of Tilted, Free-Swiveling Nose Gears

2022-06-27
CURRENT
AIR4358A
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the origin of cornering forces generated by tilted, free-swiveling nose gears; the effect of various landing gear parameters on the measured cornering forces; and a method of towing aircraft to measure the resulting steering forces.
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Landing Gear Alignment

2021-04-23
CURRENT
AIR5556
The purpose of this Aerospace Information Report is to provide the industry with methodologies for measuring tire/wheel gear alignment and the range of acceptable alignment settings for various types of non-military landing gear. This AIR will focus on the general aviation, corporate, and regional aircraft landing gear but could have applicability to commercial aircraft.
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Aerospace Landing Gear - FAA Regulatory History - Airplane Wheels, Tires, and Brakes

2007-08-02
HISTORICAL
AIR5697
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains regulatory and guidance information related to airplane wheels, tires, and brakes. It contains certain Civil Air Regulations (CAR) and Federal Aviation Regulations (formerly referred to as FARs) from Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in their current version as well as the historical versions. This gives the reader an ability to assemble certain CAR/CFR parts as they existed at any date in the past (referred to as a Regulatory Basis). A certain amount of preamble explanatory material is included, which led to the regulatory rule changes (Amendments to the CFR).
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Aerospace Landing Gear - FAA Regulatory History - Airplane Wheels, Tires, and Brakes

2012-10-15
CURRENT
AIR5697A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains regulatory and guidance information related to airplane wheels, tires, and brakes. It contains certain Civil Air Regulations (CAR) and Federal Aviation Regulations (formerly referred to as FARs) from Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in their current version as well as the historical versions. This gives the reader an ability to assemble certain CAR/CFR parts as they existed at any date in the past (referred to as a Regulatory Basis). A certain amount of preamble explanatory material is included, which led to the regulatory rule changes (Amendments to the CFR).
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A Guide for the Damaging Effects of Tire and Wheel Failures

2022-07-06
CURRENT
AIR5699A
Consideration for the damaging effects to aircraft from the failure of wheels and tires should be evaluated. This document discusses the types of problems in-service aircraft have experienced and methodology in place to assist the designers when evaluating threats for new aircraft design. The purpose of this document is to provide a history of in-service problems, provide a historical summary of the design improvements made to wheels and tires during the past 40 years, and to offer methodology which has been used to help designers assess the threat to ensure the functionality of systems and equipment located in and around the landing gear and in wheel wells.
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Landing Gear Storage

2021-04-23
CURRENT
ARP5936
This document categorizes the different types of storage requirements, either on the aircraft or new unused or overhauled on the shelf, for aircraft landing gears/components. Recommendations and examples of proper landing gear storage are outlined. Reclamation recommendations are provided for aircraft landing gear returning from long-term storage.
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Landing Area/Landing Gear Compatibility - A Brief History of SAE/Corps of Engineers Cooperation

2014-12-01
CURRENT
AIR4243A
This document discusses the work done by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Waterways Experiment Station (WES) in support of SAE A-5 Committee activity on Aerospace Landing Gear Systems. It is an example of how seemingly unrelated disciplines can be combined effectively for the eventual benefit of the overall aircraft system, where that system includes the total airfield environment in which the aircraft must operate. In summary, this AIR documents the history of aircraft flotation analysis as it involves WES and the SAE.
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Landing Area/Landing Gear Compatibility - A Brief History of SAE/Corps of Engineers Cooperation

2008-06-12
HISTORICAL
AIR4243
This document discusses the work done by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Waterways Experiment Station (WES) in support of SAE A-5 Committee activity on Aerospace Landing Gear Systems. It is an example of how seemingly unrelated disciplines can be combined effectively for the eventual benefit of the overall aircraft system, where that system includes the total airfield environment in which the aircraft must operate. In summary, this AIR documents the history of aircraft flotation analysis as it involves WES and the SAE.
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Catalog of Landing Gear Systems and Suppliers

2021-02-03
CURRENT
AIR5631A
The purpose of this document is to provide a listing for current commercial and military aircraft landing gear systems and their types and manufacturers. Data has been provided for the following commercial aircraft types; wide body jet airliners, narrow body jet airliners, and turboprop/commuter aircraft and the following military aircraft types; fighter, bomber, cargo, attack, surveillance, tanker and helicopter categories. The aircraft that have been included in this document are in operational service either with airlines, business, cargo or military operators. No information is presented for aircraft that are currently being developed or that are not in extensive usage. This document will provide an informational reference for landing gear engineers to access when evaluating other gear and aircraft systems. Future revisions of this document will add aircraft as they enter into service.
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