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A general discussion is presented herein, to outline the starter functions which are necessary for a successful engine start. In addition, sample calculations are included to illustrate an accepted method of determining the engine starting time from known data. Further consideration is then given to the relationship between starter torque output and engine pad strength and a generalized formula is presented for calculating the theoretical transient torque peaks for a simplified starter-engine system. Sample calculations for actual tests are included, and the results of these calculations are compared with measured values.

This document provides a brief description of the auxiliary power equipment that is available with enough description and pertinent comments to enable an engineer to make logical preliminary selection of the appropriate equipment for advanced military aircraft programs. The information has been kept as brief as possible to include the maximum amount of equipment in a relatively short document. It is not intended to replace textbook design analysis or detailed information available from the equipment suppliers. The document describes auxiliary power equipment. Auxiliary power is defined as follows: "Those elements of secondary power [defined as all aircraft nonpropulsive power generation and transmission] related to main engine bleed air and shaft power extraction or power generation separate from the main engines. Included are engine bleed air systems, remote engine driven gearboxes, engine starting systems, auxiliary power units, and emergency power systems."

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers basic aircraft engine start systems fundamentals. It presents various ground power sources and aircraft “on board” starting units. Also included are descriptions of start system components and interconnections which together comprise an engine starting system.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews the factors to be considered in determining the location and arrangement for auxiliary power unit (APU) installations for airborne applications and reviews requirements for flight suitability. As treated in this discussion, the APU normally includes a power section (or engine), a starting system, an electronic control unit (ECU), a gearbox with accessory mounting pads, and an oil cooling system. The accessories that are driven by the APU, such as CSD's (constant speed drives), alternating current (AC) generators, hydraulic pumps, or air compressors, are not covered here except insofar as they make demands on the APU. The various installation components and systems that are covered here are outlined by the table of contents. Turbine-type APU's are by far the most highly developed and universally used airborne units, so their installation will dominate the discussion in this document.

This information report includes procedures for determining and presenting in standard form and terminology turbine engine starting and motoring characteristics. It further includes the requirement for substantiating the accuracy of the information presented.

This information report includes procedures for determining and presenting in standard form and terminology turbine engine starting and motoring characteristics. It further includes the requirement for substantiating the accuracy of the information presented.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents a discussion of drag torques of engine accessories operating at cold temperature. Various conditions of temperature, speed, and acceleration rates are reviewed showing the merits of each method and recommending a standard test method.

This specification establishes the requirements for the (TBS) jet fuel starter for the (TBS) gas turbine engine used in the (TBS) aircraft.

This Recommended Practice covers a means of determining the performance acceptability of new production or overhauled starters that will be used for cranking turbine engines and is intended for use where torque measuring equipment is not available or desirable. This method determines acceptability of the overall performance of the starter on a flywheel test stand, rather than the performance at specific speed conditions. It allows a slight variation of output torque outside specified limits, as long as the overall performance is up to standard.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice describes two performance acceptance test methods to determine the performance acceptability of new production and overhauled air turbine starters. Before a new or overhauled starter is delivered to a customer, the starter is subjected to a performance acceptance test in accordance with an acceptance test procedure. The performance acceptance test is intended to ensure that the customer receives a starter that meets or exceeds minimum starter performance requirements.

The material contained in this report has been simplified to facilitate its use. Specific manufacturers should be contacted for more detailed information. Many of the basic power supplies are available in numerous configurations and some provide shaft power or electrical power in addition to the pneumatic capability. Vehicles for the ground transportation of the power supplies are also varied to fit specific requirements. The state-of-the-art in small gas turbines has advanced to a point where they are competitive with the more conventional ground power supplies in practically all areas.

The information contained in this report has been simplified to facilitate its use. Specific manufacturers should be contacted for more detailed information. Many of the basic power plants are available in numerous configurations to provide shaft power or electrical power in addition to the pneumatic capability. Vehicles for the ground transportation of the power supplies are also varied to fit specific requirements. The state-of-the-art in small gas turbines has advanced to a point where they are competitive with the more conventional ground power supplies in practically all areas.

The material contained in this report has been simplified to facilitate its use. Specific manufacturers should be contacted for more detailed information. Many of the basic power supplies are available in numerous configurations and some provide shaft power or electrical power in addition to the pneumatic capability. Vehicles for the ground transportation of the power supplies are also varied to fit specific requirements.