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Effective works on international cooperation in the field of Space exploration demonstrate the possibility of creating spacecrafts of a new generation in which the basis of life-support systems will be regenerative processes, including biological ones. The results of investigations at spacecrafts have shown the depends of biological processes on the conditions of microgravity and the ability of biological objects to exist in new surroundings. This finding is of crucial importance for solving theoretical and practical problems of space biology for developing a theory of organism behaviour under weightlessness, elucidating the global mechanisms of the action of microgravity on living systems and constructing space biospheres - bioregenerative systems for long-functioning spacecrafts (1).