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With the increasing number of ECUs in modern automotive applications (70 in high end cars), designers are facing the challenge of managing complex design tasks, such as the allocation of software tasks over a network of ECUs. The allocation may be dictated by different attributes (performance, cost, size, etc.). The task of validating a given allocation can be achieved either via static analysis (e.g., for cost, size) and/or dynamic analysis (e.g. via performance simulation - for timing constraints). This paper brings together two key concepts: algorithmic and optimization techniques to be used during static analysis and virtual integration platforms for simulation-based exploration. The two concepts together provide the pillars for a constraint-driven / simulation-based approach, tailored to optimize the entire ECU network according to a cost function defined by the user.

Modular systems provide the ability to achieve product variety through the combination and standardization of components. The trend within the automotive industry is towards modular systems. The automotive manufacturers separate the vehicle into modular systems (chunks), which may be built and tested off line before assembled for vehicle installation. In this paper, software that utilizes a new clustering algorithm for development of integrated and modular vehicle architectures is presented. The algorithm and software tool presented in this paper allows the system designer to automate and optimize the vehicle system development process. A vehicle system model that identifies all the functional (data, and control) interfaces between vehicle system functions is the input to the software tool. The software tool is capable of analyzing this input data and determining the vehicle system architecture by optimally grouping (integrating) functions into physical modules.

The automotive industry is facing many significant challenges that go far beyond the design and manufacturing of automobile products. Connected, autonomous and electric vehicles, smart cities, urbanization and the car sharing economy all present challenges in a fast-changing environment which the automotive industry must adapt to. Cars no longer are just standalone systems, but have become constituent systems (CS) in larger System of Systems (SoS) context. This is reflected in the emergence of several acronyms such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) expressions. System of Systems are defined systems of interest whose elements (constituent systems) are managerially and operationally independent systems. This interoperating and/or integrated collection of constituent systems usually produce results unachievable by the individual systems alone, for example the use of car batteries as virtual power plants.

Rising costs continue to be a problem within the automotive industry. One way to address these rising costs is through modularity. Modular systems provide the ability to achieve product variety through the combination and standardization of components. Modular design approaches used in development of vehicle electrical, electronic, and software (EES) systems allow sharing of architectures/modules between different product lines (vehicles). This modular design approach may provide economies of scale, reduced development time, reduced order lead-time, easier product diagnostics, maintenance and repair. Other benefits of this design approach include development of a variety of EES systems through component swapping and component sharing. In this paper, new optimization algorithms and software tools are presented that allow vehicle EES system design engineers to develop modular architectures/modules that can be shared across vehicle platforms (for OEMs) and across OEMs (for suppliers).

Modular systems provide the ability to achieve product variety through the combination and standardization of components. In this paper, a methodology that combines the system modeling, integration analysis, and optimization techniques for development of modular electrical/electronic vehicle systems is presented. The approach optimizes integration and interactions of the electrical/electronic system elements and creates functional and physical modules for the system. The approach proposed in this paper is systematic and can be used to support product development and decision making in engineering design.

The rapid growth of vehicle feature content continues to challenge automotive designers. The total vehicle feature content seriously impacts the manufacturing complexity of any single vehicle. Traditional strategies for introducing new features into high-content luxury vehicles before moving the feature into economy vehicles have been undermined by the fast moving consumer electronics field. The challenge for automotive OEM and Tier 1 suppliers is to optimize the vehicle architecture in order to provide more efficient means of introducing features expediently and efficiently. Therefore, any production vehicle's Electrical, Electronic, & Software (EES) architecture must successfully support modular sourcing, modular assembly, global manufacturing schemes, cost and weight issues.