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The paper presents the results of research concerned with heat exchange through surfaces covered with a thin ceramic layer. Theoretical analysis has been carried out to show that the presence of a ceramic layer reduces the density of heat flux flowing through the tested surface, provided the convection heat transfer coefficient is constant - the same as for surfaces without any ceramic layer. Heat exchange for three kinds of thin heat-insulting layers has been examined at a specially designed test stand. The ceramic layers were made of ZrO2 partially stabilized with Y2O3 or Ln2O3 and a plasma coated onto the base of the Al alloy. The density of heat flux, heat transfer coefficient equivalent, and heat resistance of the ceramic layer have been established. It has been proven that in the case of thin heat-insulating coatings of metal surfaces, the establishment of conductive heat resistance is not the only or the most decisive factor affecting heat exchange through such systems.