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Standard

AIRCRAFT TAIL BUMPERS

1984-09-01
HISTORICAL
AIR1800
This document covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
Standard

Aircraft Tail Bumpers

2021-06-22
CURRENT
AIR1800B
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.
Standard

Landing Gear Fatigue Spectrum Development For Part 25 Aircraft

2020-02-28
CURRENT
AIR5914
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides guidelines for the development of landing gear fatigue spectra for the purpose of designing and certification testing of Part 25 landing gear. Many of the recommendations herein are generalizations based on data obtained from a wide range of landing gears. The aircraft manufacturer or the landing gear supplier is encouraged to use data more specific to their particular undercarriage whenever possible.
Standard

Historical Design Information of Aircraft Landing Gear and Control Actuation Systems

2022-09-08
CURRENT
AIR5565
This aerospace information report (AIR) provides historical design information for various aircraft landing gear and actuation/control systems that may be useful in the design of future systems for similar applications. It presents the basic characteristics, hardware descriptions, functional schematics, and discussions of the actuation mechanisms, controls, and alternate release systems. The report is divided into two basic sections: 1 Landing gear actuation system history from 1876 to the present. This section provides an overview and the defining examples that demonstrate the evolution of landing gear actuation systems to the present day. 2 This section of the report provides an in depth review of various aircraft. A summary table of aircraft detail contained within this section is provided in paragraph 4.1. The intent is to add new and old aircraft retraction/extension systems to this AIR as the data becomes available.
Standard

Gland Design: Scraper, Landing Gear, Installation

2022-10-26
CURRENT
AS4052C
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers an alternate gland design for the installation of scraper/ wiper rings in the lower end of landing gear shock struts for the purpose of contaminant exclusion. The defined scraper gland covered by this document, as shown in Table 1, is a variant of AS4716, the accepted gland standard for AS568, O-ring packing seals. Piston rod diameters, gland internal diameters, groove sidewall angles and the surface finish are all defined by AS4716, but the gland outer retaining wall diameter is changed. The traditional scraper design installed into the glands detailed in Table 1 typically utilize components made from PTFE, urethane, or nitrile materials. These scraper designs, while still acceptable, must be reviewed in consideration to deicing, cleaners and disinfectant fluids applied to or in contact with the landing gear, as the materials of construction for the installed scrapers may not be compatible to these fluids.
Standard

Gland Design: Scraper, Landing Gear, Installation

2006-08-02
HISTORICAL
AS4052A
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers an alternate gland design for the installation of scraper/wiper rings in the lower end of landing gear shock struts for the purpose of contaminant exclusion. The defined scraper gland covered by this document, as shown in Table 1, is a variant of AS4716, the accepted gland standard for MS28775, O-ring packing seals. Piston diameters, gland internal diameters, groove sidewall angles and the surface finish are all defined by AS4716, but the gland outer retaining wall diameter is changed. AS4088 is similar to this document, but was developed by SAE A-6 for flight control and general-purpose cylinders. It differs from this document primarily by the clearance between the rod (piston) and outer gland wall. Since landing gears are more susceptible to dirt contamination, the additional clearance provides a larger path to allow excessive dirt accumulation to exit the gland.
Standard

Gland Design: Scraper, Landing Gear, Installation

2021-02-03
HISTORICAL
AS4052B
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers an alternate gland design for the installation of scraper/wiper rings in the lower end of landing gear shock struts for the purpose of contaminant exclusion. The defined scraper gland covered by this document, as shown in Table 1, is a variant of AS4716, the accepted gland standard for MS28775, O-ring packing seals. Piston rod diameters, gland internal diameters, groove sidewall angles and the surface finish are all defined by AS4716, but the gland outer retaining wall diameter is changed. The traditional scraper design installed into the glands detailed in Table 1 typically utilize components made from urethane or nitrile materials. These scraper designs, while still acceptable, must be reviewed in consideration to deicing, cleaners and disinfectant fluids applied to or in contact with the landing gear, as the materials of construction for the installed scrapers may not be compatible to these fluids.
Standard

External Hydraulic Fluid Leakage Definition for Landing Gear Shock Absorbers

2023-11-16
CURRENT
ARP6408
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide a practical definition of external hydraulic fluid leakage exhibited by landing gear shock absorbers/struts. The definition will outline normal (acceptable weepage) and excessive leakage (unacceptable leakage) of shock absorbers/struts that is measurable. The definition of leakage is applicable to new gear assemblies, refurbished/remanufactured (overhauled) shock absorbers/struts, leakage of shock absorbers/struts encountered during acceptance flights, newly delivered and in-service aircraft. This ARP is intended to provide guidelines for acceptable leakage of landing gear shock absorbers/struts between the ambient temperatures of -65 °F (-54 °C) and 130 °F (54 °C) and to outline the procedure for measuring such leakage. The specific limits that are applied to any particular aircraft shall be adjusted by the aircraft manufacturer before inclusion in the applicable maintenance manual.
Standard

Landing Gear Servicing

2013-04-22
HISTORICAL
ARP5908
The present document addresses gas and hydraulic fluid servicing required on commercial and military aircraft landing gears, for both single and dual chamber shock struts.
Standard

Arresting Hook Installation, Land Based Aircraft, Emergency

2007-08-09
HISTORICAL
ARP1538A
This document covers the recommended criteria and performance requirements for the design and installation of an aircraft emergency arresting hook intended for use with emergency runway arresting systems. Design criteria for fully operational hooks and for carrier based aircraft hook installations are contained in specification MIL-A-18717.
Standard

ARRESTING HOOK INSTALLATION, LAND BASED AIRCRAFT, EMERGENCY

1978-04-01
HISTORICAL
ARP1538
This document covers the recommended criteria and performance requirements for the design and installation of an aircraft emergency arresting hook intended for use with emergency runway arresting systems. Design criteria for fully operational hooks and for carrier based aircraft hook installations are contained in specification MIL-A-18717.
Standard

AIRCRAFT NOSE WHEEL STEERING/CENTERING SYSTEMS

2011-08-10
HISTORICAL
AIR1752
This document covers both military aircraft (land-based and ship-based) and commercial aircraft. It is intended that the document be continually updated as new aircraft and/or new "lessons learned" become available.
Standard

Gland Design: Nominal 3/8 Inch Cross Section for Compression-Type Seals

2023-06-12
CURRENT
AS4832B
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) offers gland details for a 0.364 inch (9.246 mm) cross-section gland (nominal 3/8 inch) with proposed gland lengths for compression-type seals with two backup rings over a range of 7 to 21 inches (178 to 533 mm) in diameter. The dash number system used is similar to AS568A. A 600 series has been chosen as a logical extension of AS568A, and the 625 number has been selected for the initial number, since 300 and 400 series in MIL-G-5514 and AS4716 begin with 325 and 425 sizes. Seal configurations and design are not a part of this document. This gland is for use with compression-type seals including, but not limited to, O-rings, T-rings, D-rings, cap seals, etc.
Standard

Gland Design: Nominal 3/8 Inch Cross Section for Compression-Type Seals

2019-06-17
HISTORICAL
AS4832A
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) offers gland details for a 0.364 inch (9.246 mm) cross-section gland (nominal 3/8 inch) with proposed gland lengths for compression-type seals with two backup rings over a range of 7 to 21 inches (178 to 533 mm) in diameter. The dash number system used is similar to AS568A. A 600 series has been chosen as a logical extension of AS568A, and the 625 number has been selected for the initial number, since 300 and 400 series in MIL-G-5514 and AS4716 begin with 325 and 425 sizes. Seal configurations and design are not a part of this document. This gland is for use with compression-type seals including, but not limited to, O-rings, T-rings, D-rings, cap seals, etc.
Standard

Gland Design: Nominal 3/8 in Cross Section for Custom Compression Type Seals

2012-06-29
HISTORICAL
AS4832
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) offers gland details for a 0.364 cross section gland (nominal 3/8 in) with proposed gland lengths for compression type seals with two backup rings over a range of 8 to 20 in in diameter. A dash number system is proposed similar to AS568A. A 600 series has been chosen as a logical extension of AS568A and the 625 number has been arbitrarily chosen for the initial number. (Both 300 and 400 series begin with 325 and 425 sizes.) Seal configurations and design are not a part of this document. This gland is for use with custom compression type seals including, but not limited to, O-rings, T-rings, D-rings, etc.
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