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This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to cover all airport 50 or 60 Hz electrical systems as well as all electrical utilization equipment that is attached to those systems.

The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852 and ARP4853. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, or are within the aircraft manufacturer’s limits so that they do not affect the certified safe limit of the nose gear. The results of these test evaluations will also determine if a stability problem may occur during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations with the tested airplane/tow vehicle combination. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only.

The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852A and ARP4853A. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, reduce the certified safe life limit of the nose gear, or induce a stability problem during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only. It is not meant for dispatch (operational) towing (see definitions in Section 3). Dispatch towing imposes greater loads on nose gears and structure due to additional passenger, cargo, and fuel loads.

The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852 and ARP4853. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, or are within the aircraft manufacturer’s limits so that they do not affect the certified safe limit of the nose gear. The results of these test evaluations will also determine if a stability problem may occur during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations with the tested airplane/tow vehicle combination. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only.

The tow vehicle should be designed for towbarless push-back and/or maintenance towing of regional type aircraft as specified in 1.3. The design will ensure that the unit will safely secure the aircraft nose landing gear within the coupling system for any operational mode. The purpose of this towing procedure is to achieve a safer and faster operation than is possible with conventional towing equipment.

This Recommended Practice outlines the electrical performance characteristics for a continuous duty, diesel or gasoline engine driven brushless alternator unit for supplying 400-Hertz electrical power to commercial transport aircraft. It is intended to assist the airlines in standardizing recommendations for various sizes and configurations of equipment and it is a guide for the preparation of detailed specifications. The unit is primarily intended to supply power to the aircraft during passenger loading and unloading, and during servicing operations. The combination of the equipment specified herein and the interconnecting cables(s) between the 400-Hertz alternator and the aircraft shall provide power characteristics at the aircraft receptacle which meet MIL-STD-704 requirements for Category "B" equipment. Other limits which are necessary to meet specific conditions must be specified by the purchaser.

This Recommended Practice outlines the general requirements for a transportable self-contained, continuous duty, diesel engine driven brushless alternator unit for supplying 400-Hertz electrical power to high performance commercial transport aircraft. It is intended to assist the airlines in standardardizing recommendations for various sizes and configurations of equipment and it is a guide for the preparation of detailed specifications by the purchaser. The unit is primarily intended to supply power to the aircraft during passenger loading and unloading, and during servicing operations at airports throughout the world. The combination of the equipment specified herein and the interconnecting cable(s) between the 400-Hertz alternator and the aircraft shall provide power characteristics at the aircraft receptacle which meet MIL-STD-704A requirements for Category "B" equipment. Other limits which are necessary to meet specific conditions must be specified by the purchaser.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend a minimum standard, for the design and manufacturer of a self-propelled, chassis mounted passenger boarding vehicle. The vehicle will permit safe operation while minimizing aircraft damage and personnel safety hazards associated with commercial aircraft boarding operations. The vehicle described is intended to be used for assisting wheelchair passengers and passengers with disabilities on and off aircraft with door sill heights of 60 in (152.4 cm) and above.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to recommend a minimum standard, for the design and manufacturer of a self-propelled, chassis mounted passenger boarding vehicle. The vehicle will permit safe operation while minimizing aircraft damage and personnel safety hazards associated with commercial aircraft boarding operations. The vehicle described is intended to be used for assisting wheelchair passengers and passengers with disabilities on and off aircraft with door sill heights of 60 in (152.4 cm) and above.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the design and functional requirements for aircraft passenger lifts, operated manually and self-propelled. The primary function of the lift described in this document is to act as an elevator between ground level and aircraft doorsills to a maximum of 144 in.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the design and functional requirements for aircraft passenger lifts, operated manually and self-propelled. The primary function of the lift described in this document is to act as an elevator between ground level and aircraft doorsills to a maximum of 144 in.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the design and performance requirements for a battery-powered electric tow tractor for the handling of baggage or cargo trailers in airline service. The use of “shall” in this document indicates a mandatory requirement. The use of “should” indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies pictographic symbols for ground support equipment. They have been compiled for the benefit of those who deal with such equipment like airlines, airport authorities, manufacturers etc. in order to facilitate fast and accurate identification of controls, indicators, and decals of powered and unpowered equipment. This document shall promote standardization of terms for controls, indicators etc. of ground support equipment and eliminate language problems. It is recommended to put these pictograms on all future equipment and to retrofit all existing equipment as far as possible.

The AIR is presented in two parts. The first part is simply a summarization of design factors that must be considered in establishing performance requirements. The second part consists of various tabulated design data and explanatory examples.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) identifies and summarizes the various factors that must be considered and evaluated by the design or specifying engineer in establishing the specifications and design characteristics of battery-powered aircraft tow tractors. This AIR is presented in two parts. The first part is simply a summarization of design factors that must be considered in establishing vehicle specifications and design characteristics. The second part refers particularly to the performance characteristics of an aircraft tow tractor. Some definitions, formulas, data, and an example are provided mainly for assisting the specifying engineers of potential buyers and users of aircraft tow tractors in the evaluation and comparison of their requirements with the performance capabilities of the various tow tractors offered by the tow tractor manufacturers.