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The engine indicated torque is not delivered entirely to the wheels, because it is lowered by losses, such as the pumping, mechanical friction and front auxiliary power consumption. The front auxiliary belt drive system is a big power consumer-fueling and operating the various accessory devices, such as air conditioning compressor, electric alternator, and power steering pump. The standard fuel economy test does not consider the auxiliary driving torque when it is activated during the actual driving condition and it is considered a five-cycle correction factor only. Therefore, research on improving the front end auxiliary drive (FEAD) system is still relevant in the immediate future, particularly regarding the air conditioning compressor and the electric alternator. An exertion to minimize the auxiliary loss is much smaller than the sustained effort required to reduce engine friction loss.

Aeration rate in engine oil is one of the most important data in developing lubrication system of the internal combustion engine. Several methods were reported to measure oil aeration, but none of them can measure aeration rate in real time at in-vehicle tests. The present study developed oil aeration meter that is able to measure oil aeration in real time without sampling oil out of engine. And the meter is very compact in size and the response time of the meter is fast enough, thus the meter can be applied to in-vehicle tests. The meter measures density, pressure and temperature of the air-oil mixture, and those variables are measured with high precision, thus the oil aeration meter having uncertainty less than 1% could be developed. The oil aeration meter is successfully being applied to develop the lubrication system of engine.