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Honda R&D Technical Review is a periodical containing research papers related to Honda R&D Center activities worldwide that cover automobile, motorcycle, power products, aircraft engine, and other fundamental technologies. Honda Motor offers a book for the April 2021 issue with 104 pages containing 12 papers focusing on the following latest topics: Technology for Prediction of Contactor Noise for Electric-powered Vehicle Batteries Reduction of Internal Resistance in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries with 3D Lattice-structured Electrode Predictive Technique for Seat Belt Submarining Injury by Triaxial Iliac Load Cell

This specification describes the general connectors, contacts, and backshells in their shape and characteristic for cabin systems for commercial aircrafts. ARINC 600, ARINC 404, and ARINC 801 connector specifications are published as independent standards.

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of data networking standards recommended for use in commercial aircraft installations. These standards provide a means to adapt commercially defined networking standards to an aircraft environment. It refers to devices such as bridges, switches, routers and hubs and their use in an aircraft environment. This equipment, when installed in a network topology, can optimize data transfer and overall avionics performance.

The purpose of this document is to establish guidelines that should be observed during initial design, production, and maintenance of aircraft components, and to present short-term and long-term strategies to minimize the costs and impacts associated with decreasing availability of components.

The difficulty in locating crash sites has prompted international efforts for alternatives to quickly recover flight data. This document describes the technical requirements and architectural options for the Timely Recovery of Flight Data (TRFD) in commercial aircraft. ICAO and individual Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) levy these requirements. The ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and CAA regulations cover both aircraft-level and on-ground systems. This report also documents additional system-level requirements derived from the evaluation of ICAO, CAA, and relevant industry documents and potential TRFD system architectures. It describes two TRFD architectures in the context of a common architectural framework and identifies requirements. This report also discusses implementation recommendations from an airplane-level perspective.

Batteries pose one of the biggest challenges and opportunities on the road to electrifying the automobile. The success or failure of hybrid, plug-in, and electric vehicles is highly dependent on their batteries. The 8 papers in this technical paper collection focus on modeling of cells and packs behavior, plug-in hybrid vehicle batteries, and safety standards.

Ford's thermal management with batteries. Presenter Robert Taenaka, Ford Motor Co.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) of plug-in and battery electric vehicles (PEV�s) rely on loosely coupled transformer operating in magnetic resonance to tune out reactive effects. Depending on the degree of coupling, such systems experience a single peak response that trends to bifurcate as the coefficient of coupling increases. This places additional burden on the WPT grid side power controller to not only manage the power transfer process but to manage the transmit coil to receiver coil reactive power in response to vehicle ground clearance and misalignment tolerance. In addition, the WPT rectified output voltage must dynamically match the vehicle on-board regenerative energy storage system (RESS). This paper examines the essentials of WPT operation and challenges facing the commercialization of wireless charging. Experimental results obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory WPT apparatus are presented as validation of the theory. Presenter John Miller, ORNL

Hybrid systems have been available for several years now, and offer customers a decrease in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions at an incremental price. Hybrids, in some cases, have offered improved other customer benefits such as reduced noise, vibration and harshness or better acceleration and the satisfaction of increased societal benefit. Sometimes the vehicle utility is compromised by the volume dedicated to energy storage systems. Several hybrid architecture arrangements exist in the market, and offer various levels of hybrid feature. But considering acquisition cost and operating expense, most hybrid vehicles have not offered a direct total cost advantage when compared to non-hybrids. GM's new e-Assist system is highly integrated with the engine and transmission functionality, and takes advantage of the highest value fuel economy enablers available with light electrification.

The energy crisis and rising gas price in the 2000s led to a growing popularity of hybrid vehicles. Hyundai-Kia Motors has been challenging to develop the new efficient eco-technology since introducing the mild type compact hybrid electric vehicle for domestic fleet in 2004 to meet the needs of the increasing automotive-related environmental issues. Now Hyundai has recently debuted a full HEV for global market, Sonata Hybrid. This system is cost effective solution and developed with the main purpose of improving fuel consumption and providing fun to drive. Presenter Seok Joon Kim, Hyundai Motor Company

FutureSteelVehicle's (FSV) objective is to develop detailed design concepts for a radically different steel body structure for a compact Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). It also will identify structure changes to accommodate larger Plug-In Hybrid (PHEV) and Fuel Cell (FCEV) vehicle variants. The presentation will demonstrate seven optimized structural sub-systems that contribute to the program's 35 percent mass reduction goals and meet its safety and life cycle emissions targets. It will explain the advanced design optimization process used and the resulting aggressive steel concepts. Presenter Jody R. Shaw, US Steel

Advanced vehicular thermal management system can improve engine performance, minimize fuel consumption, and reduce emissions by harmoniously operating computer-controlled servomotor components. In this paper, a neural network-based optimal control strategy is proposed to regulate the engine temperature through the advanced cooling system. Presenter Asma Al Tamimi, Hashemite University

Battery Electric Vehicles and Extended Range Electric Vehicles, like the Chevrolet Volt, can use electrical energy from the Grid to meet the majority of a driver�s transportation needs. This has the positive societal effects of displace petroleum consumption and associated pollutants from combustion on a well to wheels basis, as well as reduced energy costs for the driver. CO2 may also be lower, but this depends upon the nature of the grid energy generation. There is a mix of sources � coal-fired, gas -fired, nuclear or renewables, like hydro, solar, wind or biomass for grid electrical energy. This mix changes by region, and also on the weather and time of day. By monitoring the grid mix and communicating it to drivers (or to their vehicles) in real-time, electrically driven vehicles may be recharged to take advantage of the lowest CO2, and potentially lower cost charging opportunities.

EGR coolers are used in combustion engines to reduce NOx emissions. However, heat transfer in these coolers also results in thermophoresis-temperature-gradient driven motion of suspended particles towards cooler regions-which leads to significant soot deposition. Presenter Meisam Mehravaran

Nissan Motor Company has recently released the �Nissan Green Program 2016� which is a six-year action plan embodying the company�s environmental philosophy: Symbiosis of People, Vehicles and Nature. One of the key activities of this Program is the successful penetration of Zero-Emission Vehicles into the market which includes electric vehicle (EV) cumulative sales of 1.5M units with our Alliance partner Renault, introduction of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) into the market, taking a global leadership in supplying batteries for electric drive and creating zero-emission societies. This presentation will highlight some of these key activities. Presenter Kev Adjemian, Nissan Technical Center NA

The Focus Electric is Ford�s first full-featured 5 passenger battery electric vehicle. The engineering team set our sights on achieving best-in-class function and efficiency and was successful with an EPA certified 1XX MPGe and range XXX then the facing competition allowing for a slightly lower capacity battery pack and larger vehicle without customer trade-off. We briefly overview the engineering method and technologies employed to deliver the results as well as sharing some of the functional challenges unique to this type of vehicle. Presenter Charles Gray, Ford Motor Co.

Software usability is a quality attribute defined as ?the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specific context of use? (ISO 9241, 1998), usability is also referred to as ?quality in use? (ISO 14598, 1999). Presenter Anabell Beltran, Stoneridge Electronics North America

The automotive industry is in a time of great innovation. As a result of policy initiatives, car companies must build and market low or zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) such as plug-in hybrids (the Volt) and battery electric vehicles (the Leaf). Consumer interest in these types of vehicles does not, however, match the necessary sales that automotive OEMs are being held to. I will present consumer data that informs both the OEMs and public policy and demonstrate how the electrification of the fleet is the greatest marketing challenge the world has seen. Presenter Stephen Popiel, Synovate Motoresearch

There are now a wide variety of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in or near production. They reduce or displace petroleum consumption with of various combinations of conventional IC engine, mechanical transmission, liquid fuel storage, electrical energy storage, electrical and electro-mechanical energy conversion, and vehicle-to-grid energy interface. These Electrified types of vehicles include Mild Hybrid, Full Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid, Extended Range Electric, and Battery Electric. Some types differ in their actual usability for the real mixes of driving trips, and further that differ in their effectiveness to reduce or displace fuel in actual real world driving use. Vehicle size is also a factor in total vehicle utility in transporting people. If we may segment drivers by their driving needs, in each segment, we see a particular type of electrified vehicle that is better suited than others at minimizing fuel cost and petroleum consumption for the purposes of transporting people.

What are the requirements of customers in an urban environment? What will sustainable mobility look like in the future? This presentation gives an overview of the integrated approach used by BMW to develop the BMW i3 - a purpose-built battery electric vehicle. Very low driving resistances for such a vehicle concept enable the delivery of both impressive range and driving excitement. A small optional auxiliary power unit offers range security for unexpected situations and opens up BEVs to customers who are willing to buy a BEV but are still hesitant due to range anxiety. Additional electric vehicles sold to the formerly range anxious will create additional electric miles. Presenter Franz Storkenmaier, BMW Group