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Metal Oxide Particle Emissions from Diesel and Petrol Engines

2012-06-18
All internal combustion piston engines emit solid nanoparticles. Some are soot particles resulting from incomplete combustion of fuels, or lube oil. Some particles are metal compounds, most probably metal oxides. A major source of metal compound particles is engine abrasion. The lube oil transports these abraded particles into the combustion zone. There they are partially vaporized and ultrafine oxide particles formed through nucleation [1]. Other sources are the metallic additives to the lube oil, metallic additives in the fuel, and debris from the catalytic coatings in the exhaust-gas emission control devices. The formation process results in extremely fine particles, typically smaller than 50 nm. Thus they intrude through the alveolar membranes directly into the human organism. The consequent health risk necessitates a careful investigation of these emissions and effective curtailment.
Standard

FABRIC, GLASS, VINYL COATED

1978-04-01
HISTORICAL
AMS3664A
This specification covers four types of glass cloth coated on both sides with a flexible, vinyl-copolymer resin, the type of glass cloth varying with nominal thickness of the product.
Standard

CLOTH, GLASS, VINYL COATED

1994-04-01
HISTORICAL
AMS3664B
This specification covers four types of glass cloth (See 3.1) coated on both sides with a flexible, vinyl-copolymer resin, the type of glass cloth varying with nominal thickness of the product.
Standard

Cloth, Glass, Vinyl Coated

2012-01-16
CURRENT
AMS3664C
This specification covers four types of glass cloth (See 3.1) coated on both sides with a flexible, vinyl-copolymer resin, the type of glass cloth varying with nominal thickness of the product.
Journal Article

Analysis of Compromising Degree of an Internal Combustion Engine Using Biodiesel

2009-04-20
2009-01-0895
This work intends to present a study about the application of a standard methodology for the evaluation of the mechanical components compromise as result of the use of biodiesel, based on the lubricating oil analyses. The fuel oil that will be analyzed is produced in PUCRS' Faculty of Chemistry. As we know, the physical-chemical analysis of lubricating oils can indicate a series of parameters that allow valuing the quality and the compromising degree of the mechanical engine components. The results of these analyses will be based on tests in an Electronic Microscopy. This type of analysis will allow us to determine the quality of the lubricating oil, degradation and contamination with metal materials (mechanical compromising). The work presupposes the functioning of Diesel engine cycle with several proportions of biodiesel (B2, B5, B10, B20 and B100).
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