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This paper first discusses the loads of major significance to various machines and machine parts, and second, considers available methods of measuring, analyzing, and presenting information on loads and stresses. Various engine and machine components are examined from standpoints of loading methods and which loads are likely to be critical on each component. Interrelations between components and machines are also discussed. Tools and methods available to the load and stress analyst are described, with particular emphasis on choices available in methods, instrumentation, and presentation of data. Reasons for preferences in particular situations are given.

This Paper: 1. Shows that the present spherical rod end manufacturer's rotational tests, which are intended to select the best bearing material, do not necessarily select the best materials for the push/pull linkage requirements of earthmoving machinery. 2. Emphasizes the need to perform push/pull comparative testing as defined in SAE J1367 on spherical rod ends to determine acceptable materials for earthmoving equipment application. This test is in contrast to rotational testing presently being performed by spherical rod end manufacturers.

The small wheel type loader has seen its application range extended such that it is now one of the most versatile machines in our industry. However, its effectiveness in tasks other than bucket loading is limited. In order to provide improved tool control characteristics that contribute to efficient multi-task capability, it is necessary to design these characteristics into the base vehicle. The Integrated Toolcarriers recently introduced by Caterpillar fulfill this requirement. This paper discusses the design objectives and summarizes the development program which preceded their introduction.

TVA is an interactive computer program which performs a Torsional Vibration Analysis on lumped mass systems which contain torsional degrees of freedom. This program has two fundamental analyses. The first is Normal Modes which analyzes the natural unforced undamped behavior of the system to give natural frequencies and mode shapes. The second analysis is Frequency Response which analyzes the forced response of a damped system to give response results. TVA is used to analyze engine-auxilary equipment systems as well as vehicle drivetrain systems.