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This study summarizes the development, characterization, and application of nanocomposite tribological coatings on rolling element bearings. Nanocomposite coatings consisting of nanocrystalline metal carbides embedded in amorphous hydrocarbon or carbon matrices (MC/aC:H or MC/aC) have been used to increase the fatigue life under boundary layer lubrication, provide debris tolerance, eliminate false brinelling, increase the operational speed, decrease the friction, and provide oil-out protection to rolling element bearings. MC/aC:H coatings are applied by magnetron sputtering at substrate temperature less than 180 °C, have small friction coefficients, high fracture strength, and can have hardness and modulus values twice and half that of carburized steel, respectively.