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Simulation and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines provides the fundamentals and up-to-date progress in multidimensional simulation and optimization of internal combustion engines. While it is impossible to include all the models in a single book, this book intends to introduce the pioneer and/or the often-used models and the physics behind them providing readers with ready-to-use knowledge. Key issues, useful modeling methodology and techniques, as well as instructive results, are discussed through examples. Readers will understand the fundamentals of these examples and be inspired to explore new ideas and means for better solutions in their studies and work. Topics include combustion basis of IC engines, mathematical descriptions of reactive flow with sprays, engine in-cylinder turbulence, fuel sprays, combustions and pollutant emissions, optimization of direct-injection gasoline engines, and optimization of diesel and alternative fuel engines.

Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these issues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary to address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions.

The 53 technical papers in this book show the improvements and design techniques that researchers have applied to performance and racing engines. They provide an insight into what the engineers consider to be the top improvements needed to advance engine technology; and cover subjects such as: 1) Direct injection; 2) Valve spring advancements; 3) Turbocharging; 4) Variable valve control; 5) Combustion evaluation; and 5) New racing engines.

The increasing concern about CO2 emissions and energy prices has led to new CO2 emission and fuel economy legislation being introduced in world regions served by the automotive industry. In response, automotive manufacturers and Tier-1 suppliers are developing a new generation of internal combustion (IC) engines with ultra-low emissions and high fuel efficiency. To further this development, a better understanding is needed of the combustion and pollutant formation processes in IC engines. As efficiency and emission abatement processes have reached points of diminishing returns, there is more of a need to make measurements inside the combustion chamber, where the combustion and pollutant formation processes take place. However, there is currently no good overview of how to make these measurements.

This new ASTM manual brings together the various test procedures that technicians need to diagnose the contamination in fuels and fuel systems. It also suggests the means for detection and control of microbial contamination. As a complement to ASTM D6469 Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems, this new publication provides an overview of: o Microbiological principles underlying fuel and fuel system biodeterioration o Sample collection and handling o Recommendations for disinfecting and removing microbial contamination from fuels and fuel systems o A variety of diagnostic tests It applies to furnace, aviation gasoline, diesel, aviation turbine, marine, industrial gas turbine, kerosene, gasoline, fuel systems, crude oil, and all liquid petroleum fuels. This is a valuable resource for professionals with a limited microbiological understanding of the symptoms, occurrences, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination.

The current rapid rate of innovation in the automotive industry is primarily fueled by the need to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions, increase use of electronics for infotainment and safety, and global development. This full-color book delves into these megatrends to arm decision-makers with information that will help them remain competitive in the North American automotive market for the next 20 years. The first third of the book covers improvements to existing technologies-engines, transmissions, bodies and materials-for better fuel economy. The second portion of the book delves into alternate fuel sources for vehicles and associated technologies. The focus of the final third of the book is the emergence of the smart car. Readers will come away with a renewed understanding of the complicated set of trends that will affect the automotive industry for the next 20 years, and how to effectively address them.

Before the 1970s, plastics were considered primarily as non-engineering materials and were used in applications such as belts, hoses, gaskets, carpet backing, sealing, adhesives, tires, and so forth as a part of an engineering solution. More recently, plastics have replaced traditional materials and emerged as a significant "engineering application" within the automotive industry. Plastics have proven to be cost effective while providing automakers with the design freedom to accommodate safety, styling, and comfort. Engineering Plastics and Plastic Composites In Automotive Applications focuses on some of the various types of plastics and plastic composites and their applications and advantages within passenger vehicles.

Despite being developed more than 100 years ago, the diesel engine has yet to achieve mass acceptance in the North American passenger car sector. In most other parts of the world, however, diesel engines have made considerable strides due in part to the common rail fuel injection system. Significant fuel economy, reduced exhaust emissions, invincible low-speed torque, and all-around good drivability are a few of the benefits associated with common rail technology, which are covered in-depth in Diesel Common Rail and Advanced Fuel Injection Systems.

Two major concerns for automotive engineers are how best to maximize fuel economy and to reduce emissions. Powertrain sensors, which measure temperature, pressure, rotational speed and other vehicle performance parameters, are central to both. There is also a trend in the powertrain sensor industry toward higher temperature and electromagnetic compatibility requirements, due largely to the increasing deployment of smaller engines.

The earlier editions of this title have been best-selling definitive references for those needing technical information about automotive fuels. This long-awaited latest edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, yet retains the original fundamental fuels information that readers find so useful. This book is written for those with an interest in or a need to understand automotive fuels. Because automotive fuels can no longer be developed in isolation from the engines that will convert the fuel into the power necessary to drive our automobiles, knowledge of automotive fuels will also be essential to those working with automotive engines. Small quantities of fuel additives increasingly play an important role in bridging the gap that often exists between fuel that can easily be produced and fuel that is needed by the ever-more sophisticated automotive engine.