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This method of gaging alignment of nut slots allows equal variations for location of the cotter pin hole in the bolt and location of slots in the nut. To inspect the nut, the slotted gage is inserted through the nut hole from the bearing surface of the nut. Alignment of slots is considered satisfactory if the gage pin can be slipped into the gage and nut slots without interference.

Round head bolts are made in two body styles: (a) A full size body, with a maximum diameter somewhat greater than the nominal diameter (not an SAE Standard except for ribbed neck bolts, Table 3); and (b) an undersize body, with a minimum diameter approximating the pitch diameter of the thread and a maximum diameter never exceeding nominal (SAE standard for all types except ribbed neck bolts). The body diameter of either style may be exceeded by a reasonable swelling or fin under the head, or under corners of the square necks, to the extent that serviceability is not affected.

The use of Engine Health Management (EHM) systems has been growing steadily in both the civilian and the military aerospace sectors. Barring a few notable exceptions (such as certain temperature and thrust margin monitoring) regulatory authorities around the world have not required these systems to be certified in any way. This is changing rapidly. New airframes and engines are increasingly being designed with the assumption that EHM will be an integral part of the way customers will operate these assets. This leads to a need for better guidelines on how such systems should be certified. The SAE E-32 committee on Propulsion System Health Monitoring is leading an industry-wide effort to develop a set of guidelines for certifying EHM systems.

In Aeronautic industry, when we launch a new industrialization for an aircraft sub assembly we always have the same questions in mind for drilling operations, especially when focusing on lean manufacturing. How can we avoid dismantling and deburring parts after drilling operation? Can a drilling centre perform all the tasks needed to deliver a hole ready to install final fastener? How can we decrease down-time of the drilling centre? Can a drilling centre be integrated in a pulse assembly line? How can we improve environmental efficiency of a drilling centre? It is based on these main drivers that AIRBUS has developed, with SPIE and SOS, a new generation of drilling centre dedicated for hard materials such as titanium, and high thicknesses. The first application was for the assembly of the primary structure of A350 engine pylons. The main solution that was implemented meeting several objectives was the development of orbital drilling technology in hard metal stacks.

Currently, two consolidated aftertreatment technologies are available for the reduction of NOx emissions from diesel engines: Urea SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) systems and LNT (Lean NOx Trap) systems. Urea SCR technology, which has been widely used for many years at stationary sources, is becoming nowadays an attractive alternative also for light-duty diesel applications. However, SCR systems are much more effective in NOx reduction efficiency at high load operating conditions than light load condition, characterized by lower exhaust gas temperatures.

The 31 papers in this technical paper collection cover topics such as steering system development, power steering systems, steer-by-wire systems, EPS, suspension systems, tires, and more.

The 19 papers in this technical paper collection cover vehicle brake system performance, vehicle brake noise, antilock braking control of electric vehicles, enhanced traction stability control systems, and more.

The 22 papers in this technical paper collection detail tire and wheel technology, tire rolling resistance, tire sidewall cooling, and features a series of papers relating to "aged tire durability". Also included are vehicle dynamics and simulation papers focusing on vehicle stability and control; vehicle sub-systems modeling and responses; advances in vehicle systems dynamics; vehicle motion simulations and analysis; and vehicle dynamics analysis.

The 33 papers in this technical paper collection discuss vehicle dynamics and simulation in the areas of vehicle rollover, tire forces/moments and vehicle stability, vehicle dynamics handling and control, advances in methods for vehicle systems design and control, and advances in vehicle dynamics measurements and validations.

The 30 papers in this technical paper collection focus on heavy tire modeling/testing and evaluation; vehicle dynamics; wide based tires, sustainability and maintenance; air suspension, off-road chassis and suspension; hybrid drive and chassis; all wheel/multi-wheel drive vehicle dynamics and performance; testing and experimental analysis of chassis and suspension; and advanced chassis control and rollover.

The 20 papers in this technical paper collection discuss vehicle dynamics stability and control. Topics covered include: rollover crashes involving passenger cars with and without electronic stability control (ESC) systems; yaw rate control systems; optimizing vehicle dynamics control systems in offset impacts; hardware in the loop simulation; reducing deceleration disturbances; and more.

The 23 papers in this technical paper collection discuss vehicle dynamics, stability and control. Topics covered include regenerative braking and anti-lock braking, power steering system parameters, roll simulator, sway stability, optimal torque vectoring, and more. The 22 papers in this technical paper collection discuss vehicle dynamics, stability and control. Topics covered include regenerative braking and anti-lock braking, power steering system parameters, roll simulator, sway stability, optimal torque vectoring, and more.

This technical paper collection is focused on vehicle dynamics and controls using modeling and simulation, and experimental analysis of passenger cars, heavy trucks, and wheeled military vehicles. The papers address active and passive safety systems to mitigate rollover, yaw instability and braking issues; driving simulators and hardware-in-the-loop systems; suspension kinematics and compliance, steering dynamics, advanced active suspension technologies; and tire force and moment mechanics.

The 37 papers in this technical paper collection focus on vehicle dynamics and controls using modeling and simulation, and experimental analysis of passenger cars, heavy trucks, and wheeled military vehicles. Topics covered include active and passive safety systems to mitigate rollover, yaw instability and braking issues, driving simulators and hardware-in-the-loop systems, suspension kinematics and compliance, steering dynamics, advanced active suspension technologies, and tire force and moment mechanics.

This technical paper collection is focused on vehicle dynamics and controls using modeling and simulation, and experimental analysis of passenger cars, heavy trucks, and wheeled military vehicles. The papers address active and passive safety systems to mitigate rollover, yaw instability and braking issues; driving simulators and hardware-in-the-loop systems; suspension kinematics and compliance, steering dynamics, advanced active suspension technologies; and tire force and moment mechanics.

Design Optimization Methods and Application collecion features papers on new and improved optimization techniques and on application of different optimization methods in component and vehicle design. Methods include deterministic and stochastic optimization techniques. Applications range from noise pressure optimization and vehicle dynamic response optimization to sub-system topology and shape and full vehicle gage and topology optimization.

Design Optimization Methods and Application collecion features papers on new and improved optimization techniques and on application of different optimization methods in component and vehicle design. Methods include deterministic and stochastic optimization techniques. Applications range from noise pressure optimization and vehicle dynamic response optimization to sub-system topology and shape and full vehicle gage and topology optimization.

Focusing on multibody system modeling and simulation results, rigid and flexible body modeling, mount loads predictions for vehicle body, frame/sub-frame, leaf-spring, exhaust system, driveline, and powertrain, the comparison of modeling techniques between vehicle dynamics simulation and durability loads simulation, optimal development process considering vehicle dynamics and durability loads, data processing and analysis techniques, loads sensitivity analyses for various model parameters, DOE and optimal design techniques for loads minimization, prediction of manufacturing tolerance effects on loads, robust design methods, driver modeling, and FE-based system modeling.

This technical paper collection discusses the modeling, analysis, and validation of commercial vehicle chassis, suspension, and tire modeling and simulation. Topics include commercial vehicle dynamics; chassis control devices such as ABS, traction control, yaw/roll stability control, and their interaction with suspension controls; modeling and simulation of ride comfort, as well as passive and active suspension control methodologies. Authors are encouraged to discuss the validation of their modeling and simulation.