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The two-color method regarding the visible wavelength radiation from soot particles in flames was closely studied in order to establish it as a measuring technique of the flame temperature and soot concentration in diesel engines. The accuracy of the temperature calibration of the measuring equipment was assured by a newly developed high temperature black body furnace and a standard tungsten lamp. The emissivity of diesel flames, which is the most important value in this method, was investigated through both the spectroscopic analysis of soot sampled from a diesel flame and the comparative measurements between the two-color method and the emission-absorption method. The examined two-color method was applied to a direct injection diesel engine. The time and space resolved values of temperature and soot concentration were obtained for the first time.