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Abstract The paper presents a complete description of the design and manufacturing of a Carbon Fiber/epoxy mold with an embedded Carbon Fiber resistor heater, and the mold performances in terms of its surface temperature distribution and thermal deformations resulting from the heating. The mold was designed for manufacturing aileron skins from Vacuum Bag Only prepreg cured at 135°C. The glass transition temperature of the used resin-hardener system was about 175°C. To ensure homogenous temperature of the mold working surface in the course of curing, the Carbon Fiber heater was embedded in a layer of a highly heat-conductive cristobalite/epoxy composite, forming the core of the mold shell. Because the cristobalite/epoxy composite displayed much higher thermal expansion than CF/epoxy did, thermal stresses could arise due to this discrepancy in the course of heating.

Abstract Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) are the prominent one in modern material handling systems used in small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) due to their exciting features and benefits. This article pinpoints the need of AGVS in SMEs by describing the material handling selection in SMEs and enlightening recent technological developments and approaches of the AGVS. Additionally, it summarizes the analytical and simulation-based tools utilized in design problems of AGVS along with the influence of material handling management and key hurdles of AGVS. The current study provides a limelight towards making smart automated guided vehicles (AGVs) with the simplified and proper routing system and favorable materials and more importantly reducing the cost and increasing the flexibility.

Increasing electrification of the vehicle as well as the demands of increased connectivity presents automotive manufacturers with formidable challenges. Automakers and suppliers likely will encounter three practices that will influence how they develop and manufacture highly connected vehicles and future e-mobility platforms: 1) hierarchical production processes in fixed footprints that do not share data freely; 2) lack of real-time, in-line quality inspection and correction processes for complex miniaturized electronic components; and 3) floor to enterprise resource and execution systems that can collect, analyze and respond to rapidly changing production needs.

As vacuum suction cups are widely used in stamping plants, it becomes urgent and important to understand their performance and failure mode. Vacuum suction cups are employed to lift, move, and place sheet metal instead of human hands. Occasionally the vacuum cups would fail and drop parts, even it would cause expensive delays in the production line. In this research, several types of vacuum cups have been studies and compared experimentally. A new tensile device and test method was developed to measure the pulling force and deformation of vacuum cups. The digital image correlation technique has been adopted to capture and analyze the contour, deformation and strain of the cups under different working conditions. The experimental results revealed that the relevant influential parameters include cup type, pulling force angles, vacuum levels, sheet metal curvatures, etc.

The objective of an engineering analysis - a numerical model and simulation designed to represent a specific manufacturing process - is not simply to determine the behavior and impact of that process on a specific product. If that were the case, extensive product testing would be a simpler and cheaper solution. The real objective of an engineering analysis is to use its associated numerical models and simulations to predict the impact of important design and manufacturing parameters on the behavior of the final product in terms of performance and cost. When dealing with advanced composite materials, such parameters include: material, surface topology, layup strategy, ply stacking, among many possibilities. Designers today are faced with the challenge of optimizing composite parts and, should redesign be required, having enough reliable data at hand to justify the redesign's necessity.

This SAE Standard describes methods for evaluating the performance of the systems detection device, the minimum detection areas behind the machine, the visual and audible information presented to the operator and ground personnel, and the systems fault detection requirements. Also included are operator system function tests and maintenance procedures. The purpose of this document is to establish performance requirements for a Discriminating Back-Up Alarm System.

It is intended to provide capacitance gaging system "specifiers" with the necessary tools to make value judgements concerning the various errors typically encountered in systems of this type. Thus, in addition to merely identifying the error-causes, descriptions are given concerning the basic factors from which these error-causes derive. This knowledge, when complemented with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the error-causes, will furnish the system specifier with a powerful tool with which to optimize gaging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the "best possible" overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of capacitance gaging accuracy is quite extensive, and in some instances very complex, no attempt is made herein to present an all-inclusive and fully comprehensive evaluation of the subject. Rather, the major contributors to gaging system inaccuracy are discussed.

The lubricant wear and degradation is a major cause of failure in industrial machines such as engines, pumps and gearboxes. This is primarily due to contaminants such as metal debris particles and depletion of the chemical and physical properties. This paper presents a low cost, multi-functional sensor for real-time monitoring of both oil level and the debris particles in oil lubricants for a gearbox application. The sensor system achieves a micrometer-order resolution (37.5 μm), high linearity (< 0.5 mm non-linearity) and insensitivity to viscosity changes due to wide temperature fluctuations from −40 °C to 135 °C, and is designed for ease of manufacturing and application in harsh transmission environment. The synergy from simultaneous data analysis from a multi-functional sensor has been demonstrated both qualitatively and quantitatively using mathematical analysis, computer simulation and physical experiments.

This SAE Standard includes only those towing winches commonly used on skidders and crawler tractors. These winches are used on self-propelled machines described in SAE J1057, J1116, and J1209. Specifically excluded are those winches used for hoisting operations.

This recommended practice applies to construction and general purpose industrial machines as categorized in SAE J1116. It describes the parameters related to the inherent availability of the covered classes of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines.

This SAE Standard applies to the following off-road work machines of mass greater than 700 kg that are commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications as identified in SAE J1116 JUN86 and designed for an-board, seated operator: a Crawler tractors and loaders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 3.1 and 7.1 and SAE J727 JAN86 for description and nomenclature). b Graders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Section 6 and SAE J870 JUL84 for description and nomenclature). c Wheel loaders, wheel tractors, and their modifications used for rolling or compacting, dozer equipped wheel tractors, wheel log skidders, skid steer loaders, and backhoe loaders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 3.2, 7.2, and 9 for description and nomenclature). d Wheel industrial tractors (see SAE J1092 JUN86 for description and nomenclature). e Tractor portion of semi-mounted scrapers, water wagons, articulated steer dumpers, bottom dump wagons, side dump wagons, rear dump wagons, and towed fifth wheel attachments (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 4.1.1.4, 4.1.2, 4.2.1.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.3.1.3, 4.3.2, and 5 and SAE J869 JUL90 and SAE J728 JUL90 for description and nomenclature). f Rollers and compactors (see SAE J1017 JAN86 for description and nomenclature). g Rigid frame dumpers with full mounted bodies (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 4.1.1.1, 4.1.1.2, 4.1.1.3, 4.1.1.5, and 4.3.1.1 and SAE J1016 JUL90 for description and nomenclature).

This standard applies to General Purpose Industrial Machines, as described in SAE J1116, which are equipped with Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS).

This standard applies to General Purpose Industrial Machines, as described in SAE J1116, which are equipped with Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS).