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Optimization study is performed for the scavenging process as the first step for the development of a poppet-valve type automotive two-stroke diesel engine. The scavenging flow pattern is varied by the RSSV (rotatable shrouded scavenging valve) system, which was designed for application of a shroud valve to an actual engine. The scavenging flow is analyzed by flow visualization and numerical calculations under a steady condition. Water is used as the working fluid, instead of air for effective visualization of the flow pattern in the flow visualization study. More details in the scavenging characteristics are observed by a dye experiment, in which the dye path indicates the flow streamline in the cylinder. In the numerical study, three-dimensional flows are calculated by a modified version of KIVA-2 code, with a special technique to consider the valve and shroud shapes.

Submodels are developed for injection, evaporation and wall impingement of a liquid LPG spray. The injection model determines the quality of fuel as two-phase choke flow at the nozzle exit. Wind tunnel experiments show the spray penetration more sensitive to ambient flow velocity than to injection pressure. Most evaporation occurs during choking, while heat transfer from surrounding air has a negligible effect on downstream droplet sizes. Three dimensional simulation shows that the bathtub cavity is better than the dog-dish cavity for stable flame propagation in lean-burn conditions. The injection timing during the IVC period has a negligible effect, while injection during an intake stroke enhances fuel/air mixing to result in more homogeneous cylinder charge.

The autoignition delay of a turbulent methane jet in a Diesel-like environment is calculated by the conditional moment closure(CMC) model. Methane is injected into hot air in a constant volume chamber under various temperatures and pressures. Detailed chemical reaction mechanisms are implemented with turbulence-chemistry interaction treated by the first order CMC. The CMC model solves the conditional mean species mass fraction and temperature equations with the source term given in terms of the conditional mean quantities. The flow and mixing field are calculated by the transient SIMPLE algorithm with the k -ε model and the assumed beta function pdf. The CMC equations are solved by the fractional step method which sequentially treats the transport and chemical reaction terms in each time step. The predictions in quiescent homogeneous mixture are presented to evaluate the effects of turbulence in jet ignition.

Numerical analysis of the flow field and fuel spray in a gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engine is performed by a modified version of the KIVA code. A simple valve treatment technique is employed to handle multiple moving valves without difficulties in generation of a body-fitted grid. The swirl motion of a hollow-cone spray is simulated by injecting droplets with initial angular momentum around the nozzle periphery. The model for spray-wall impingement is based on single droplet experiments with the droplet behaviors after impingement determined by experimental correlations. Different behaviors of an impinging droplet depend on the wall temperature and the critical temperature of fuel with the fuel film taken into account. The test engine is a 4-stroke 4-valve gasoline engine with a pent-roof head and vertical ports to form a reverse tumble flow during the intake stroke. A hollow-cone spray by a high-pressure swirl injector is employed to enhance mixture preparation and mixing.

Analysis of flow field and charge distribution in a gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engine is performed by a modified version of the KIVA code. A particle-based spray model is proposed to simulate a swirl-type hollow-cone spray in a GDI engine. Spray droplets are assumed to be fully atomized and introduced at the sheet breakup locations as determined by experimental correlations and energy conservation. The effects of the fuel injection parameters such as spray cone angle and ambient pressure are examined for different injectors and injection conditions. Results show reasonable agreement with the measurements for penetration, dispersion, global shape, droplet velocity and size distribution by Phase Doppler Particle Anemometry(PDPA) in a constant-volume chamber. The test engine is a 4-stroke 4-valve optically accessible single-cylinder engine with a pent-roof head and tumble ports.