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Technical Paper

Designing Energy Absorbing Steering Wheels Through Finite Element Impact Simulation

1993-08-01
931844
Light metal alloys based on magnesium and aluminum are increasingly being pursued for various vehicle interior applications because of distinct advantages such as weight savings and potential parts consolidation. One such application of light metal alloys is the steering wheel, which is an important component of a safety system that is comprised of the driver-side airbag, steering wheel, the steering column and its attachment bracketry to the instrument panel and the vehicle body structure. For the airbag to function effectively as a restraint during a frontal crash, the steering wheel has to provide adequate support. In addition to the steering column which is designed to absorb energy, the wheel can also function as an energy absorber if so designed. One way of achieving this energy absorption is through plastic deformation of the wheel. Adverse material characteristics, however, make the energy absorbing steering wheel design, using light metal alloys, a sizeable challenge.
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