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There exist many environmental and earth resource problems to be solved for the 21st century. Hybridization of both internal combustion powertrains and fuel cell powertrains holds great promise for next generation vehicles. This paper describes the lessons learned during design, development, production and marketing of nearly 700,000 hybrid vehicles to date. We review the evolution of major components with a focus on reducing cost, mass and volume while increasing power and efficiency. We also describe the future prospects for hybrid vehicles.

There exist many environmental and earth resources problems to be solved for the 21st century. Internal combustion engine / electric motor hybrid and fuel cell hybrid vehicles are promising next generation vehicles. This paper describes the current status of the electric power train of ICE hybrids. Based on the mutual features of both ICE and fuel cell hybrid vehicles, this paper also addresses the future opportunities to strive towards sustainable development in future automobiles. We also examine some test cycle to in-use efficiency issues.