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Waste heat recovery (WHR) systems are used in vehicles and machines powered by internal combustion (IC) engines to capture unused/waste heat and utilize it thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions by improving efficiency. This information report is a survey of the waste heat recovery methods that include the use of heat exchangers.

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to define common industry terminology and nomenclature relative to thermal flow control valves and to describe common thermal flow control valve applications in automotive, highway truck, mobile construction equipment, and industrial applications. This document is primarily directed at internal combustion engine or electric powered applications and the downstream systems to which power is provided, such as transmissions, hydraulics, air compression, etc. The information contained herein does not constitute an SAE Standard.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate performance of engine-driven cooling fans. This performance would include flow, pressure, and power. This flow and pressure information is used to estimate the engine cooling performance. This power consumption is used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan performance. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which cooling and fuel consumption information is desired. The performance of a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate performance measurement is expected.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate performance of engine-driven cooling fans. This performance would include flow, pressure, and power. This flow and pressure information is used to estimate the engine cooling performance. This power consumption is used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan performance. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which cooling and fuel consumption information is desired. The performance of a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate performance measurement is expected.

This SAE recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate performance of engine cooling fans. This performance would include flow, pressure, and power. This flow and pressure information would then be used to estimate the engine cooling performance. This power consumption would then be used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan performance. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which cooling and fuel consumption information is desired. The performance of a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate performance measurement is expected.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate performance of engine cooling fans. This performance would include flow, pressure, and power. This flow and pressure information is used to estimate the engine cooling performance. This power consumption is used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan performance. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which cooling and fuel consumption information is desired. The performance of a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate performance measurement is expected.

The technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan-drive system. These may include radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, or oil coolers. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan-drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using know power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan-drive system's power consumption for engine cooling systems using fixed-ratio, speed modulating, and on/off fan drives. This power consumption may then be used in determining engine net power per SAE J1349.

The technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses, but it is applicable to off highway vehicles as well. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan drive system. These may include radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, oil coolers, and others. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using known power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan drive system’s power consumption for engine cooling systems using fixed ratio, viscous or speed modulating, and mechanical on/off fan drives including electronically activated fan drives.

The technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses, but it is applicable to off highway vehicles as well. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan drive system. These may include radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, oil coolers, and others. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using known power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan drive system’s power consumption for engine cooling systems using fixed ratio, speed modulating, and on/off fan drives.

The techniques outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice were developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses, but it is applicable to off highway vehicles as well. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan drive system. These may include radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, oil coolers, and others. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using known power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan drive system’s power consumption for engine cooling systems using fixed ratio, viscous or speed modulating, and mechanical on/off fan drives including electronically activated fan drives.

The techniques outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice were developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses, but it is applicable to off highway vehicles as well. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan drive system. These may include radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, oil coolers, and others. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using known power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan drive system’s power consumption for cooling systems using the types of drives listed below. This power consumption may then be used in determining engine net power per SAE J1349.

The test procedure is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate power consumption of heavy truck and bus engine cooling fans. The procedure also provides a general description of the equipment necessary to measure fan power consumption, so that the parasitic power consumption of a complete vehicle may be predicted. The test conditions in the procedure may not adequately match those of the vehicle for which fuel consumption information is desired. In that case, engineering estimates or extrapolations may be necessary. The procedure neglects the pressure drop caused by the radiator core (unless the actual vehicle is used as a test fixture). The effect of ram air due to vehicle motion is also neglected. Those two effects tend to offset each other. Finally, the effect of a fan clutch in reducing fan use and power consumption is not a part of this procedure.

The testing technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for testing and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses. The technique outlined in this recommended practice provides a general description of the type of equipment and facility which is necessary to determine the power consumption of these engine-driven components. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions suggested be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual data obtained on the specific vehicle operation. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan drive systems, specific test devices have not been included.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate power consumption of engine cooling fans. This power consumption would then be used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan power consumption in a vehicle installation. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which fuel consumption information is desired. The power required by a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate power measurement is expected. Required power at a given air density and speed also depend on the volumetric flow rate, or else the pressure rise across the fan, since these two parameters are mutually dependent.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the approximate power consumption of engine cooling fans. This power consumption would then be used to estimate net engine power per SAE J1349. The procedure also provides a general description of equipment necessary to measure the approximate fan power consumption in a vehicle installation. The test conditions in the procedure generally will not match those of the installation for which fuel consumption information is desired. The power required by a given fan depends on the geometric details of the installation, including the shroud and its clearance. These details should be duplicated in the test setup if accurate power measurement is expected. Required power at a given air density and speed also depend on the volumetric flow rate, or else the pressure rise across the fan, since these two parameters are mutually dependent.

The testing technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for testing and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses. The technique outlined in this recommended practice provides a general description of the type of equipment and facility which is necessary to determine the power consumption of these engine-driven components. It is recommended that the specific operating condition suggested throughout the test be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual data obtained on the specific vehicle operation and the fan. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans, specific test devices have not been included.

This SAE Recommended Practice presents general nomenclature and glossary of terms for oil coolers.

This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to oil-to-air and oil-to-coolant oil coolers installed on mobile or stationary equipment and provides a glossary of oil cooler nomenclature. Such oil coolers may be used for the purpose of cooling automatic transmission fluid, hydraulic system oil, retarder system fluid, engine oil, etc. This document outlines the methods of procuring the test data to determine the operating characteristics of the oil cooling system and the interpretation of the results.

The technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan-drive system. These may include radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, or oil coolers. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan-drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using known power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan-drive system’s power consumption for engine cooling systems using fixed-ratio, speed modulating, and on-off fan drives. This power consumption may then be used in determining engine net power per SAE J1349.

The technique outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice was developed as part of an overall program for determining and evaluating fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks and buses. It is recommended that the specific operating conditions be carefully reviewed on the basis of actual installation data. Cooling requirements are affected by all heat exchangers that are cooled by the fan-drive system. These may include radiators, condensors, charge air coolers or oil coolers. Because of the variation in size, shape, configuration, and mountings available in cooling fans and fan-drive systems, specific test devices have not been included. Using known power/speed relationships for a given fan, this procedure can be used to calculate the fan-drive systems power consumption for engine cooling systems using fixed-ratio, speed modulating, and on-off fan drives. This power consumption may then be used in determining engine net power per SAE J1349.